Exosomal therapy-a new frontier in regenerative medicine.

The recent advances in translational and nanomedicine have paved the way for developing the targeted drug delivery system at a greater pace among global researchers. On par with these technologies, exosomes act as a potential portal for cell-free drug delivery systems as these are bestowed with the native characteristics of the parent cell of origin. Exosomes, called extracellular vesicles (EcVs), are present in almost all cells, tissues, and body fluids.

Does the Intradiscal Injection of Platelet Rich Plasma Have Any Beneficial Role in the Management of Lumbar Disc Disease?

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate whether intradiscal Platelet Rich Plasma(PRP) injection has any beneficial role in the management of lumbar disc disease.

Methods: We conducted independent and duplicate electronic database searches including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library till September 2020 for studies investigating the role of intradiscal PRP in the management of lumbar disc disease.

Implementation strategies in emergency management of children: A scoping review.

Background: Implementation strategies are vital for the uptake of evidence to improve health, healthcare delivery, and decision-making. Medical or mental emergencies may be life-threatening, especially in children, due to their unique physiological needs when presenting in the emergency departments (EDs). Thus, practice change in EDs attending to children requires evidence-informed considerations regarding the best approaches to implementing research evidence.

Autologous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for osteonecrosis of femoral head: A systematic overview of overlapping meta-analyses.

Study Design: Systematic Review.

Objectives: We performed this systematic overview on the overlapping meta-analyses that analyzed autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell(BM-MSC) therapy along with core decompression(CD) for the management of osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH) and identify which study provides the current best evidence on the topic and generate recommendations for the same.

Materials And Methods: We conducted independent and duplicate electronic database searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects till September 2020 for meta-analyses that analyzed the efficacy of BM-MSC therapy along with CD for ONFH.

Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (P-MSCs) for COVID-19 pneumonia-a regenerative dogma.

With a robust rise in the number of COVID-19 cases, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. COVID-19 pandemic has invited global researchers from various biomedical and biotechnological researchers to plan various treatment modalities for combating this pandemic crisis. At present, there is the unavailability of specific treatment modality; however, researchers have thrown light into the exploration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to therapeutically perquisite in ameliorating immune-mediated progressive worsening in COVID-19 infected patients.

Is Platelet-Rich Plasma Effective in Enhancing Spinal Fusion? Systematic Overview of Overlapping Meta-Analyses.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Objectives: We performed this systematic overview on overlapping meta-analyses that analyzed the role of platelet-rich plasma(PRP) in enhancing spinal fusion and identify which study provides the current best evidence on the topic and generate recommendations for the same.

Materials And Methods: We conducted independent and duplicate electronic database searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects till October-2020 for meta-analyses that analyzed the role of PRP in spinal fusion procedures.

Evidence of Coronavirus (CoV) Pathogenesis and Emerging Pathogen SARS-CoV-2 in the Nervous System: A Review on Neurological Impairments and Manifestations.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an issue of global significance that has taken the lives of many across the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for its pathogenesis. The pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 have been well described in the literature.

Fostering mesenchymal stem cell therapy to halt cytokine storm in COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been threatening the globe since the end of November 2019. The disease revealed cracks in the health care system as health care providers across the world were left without guidelines on definitive usage of pharmaceutical agents or vaccines. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020.

Current evidence on mesenchymal stem cell therapy for traumatic spinal cord injury: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Aims: The authors aim to analyze the evidence in the literature regarding the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in human subjects with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and identify its potential role in the management of SCI.

Methods: The authors conducted independent and duplicate searches of electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library, until May 2020 for studies analyzing the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy for SCI. American Spine Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale (AIS) grade improvement, ASIA sensorimotor score, activities of daily living score, residual urine volume, bladder function improvement, somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) improvement and adverse reactions were the outcomes analyzed.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Potential Therapeutic Avenue in Knee Osteoarthritis.

Knee osteoarthritis is the leading cause of functional disability in adults. The goals of knee osteoarthritis management are directed toward symptomatic pain relief along with the attainment of the functional quality of life. The treatment strategy ranges from conservative to surgical management with reparative and restorative techniques.

Methodologically rigorous risk of bias tools for nonrandomized studies had low reliability and high evaluator burden.

Objective: To assess the real-world interrater reliability (IRR), interconsensus reliability (ICR), and evaluator burden of the Risk of Bias (RoB) in Nonrandomized Studies (NRS) of Interventions (ROBINS-I), and the ROB Instrument for NRS of Exposures (ROB-NRSE) tools.

Study Design And Setting: A six-center cross-sectional study with seven reviewers (2 reviewer pairs) assessing the RoB using ROBINS-I (n = 44 NRS) or ROB-NRSE (n = 44 NRS). We used Gwet's AC statistic to calculate the IRR and ICR.

Does the Source of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Have an Effect in the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Knee? Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Study Design: Meta-analysis.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of bone marrow(BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cell(MSCs) and adipose-derived(AD) MSCs in the management of osteoarthritis of knee from randomized controlled trials(RCTs) available in the literature.

Materials And Methods: We conducted electronic database searche from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library till May 2020 for RCTs analyzing the efficacy and safety of MSCs in management of osteoarthritis of knee.

Cellular Therapy: Shafts of Light Emerging for COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented with debilitating respiratory consequences especially more pronounced in high risk individuals. Individuals with underlying systemic diseases are more prone and vulnerable to suffer severe consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. The pathophysiological changes identified cytokine storm mechanism for out setting the series of adverse clinical conditions.

Implementation strategies in emergency management of children: a scoping review protocol.

Background: Behavior change is not simple, and the introduction of guidelines or protocols does not mean that they will be followed. As such, implementation strategies are vital for the uptake and sustainability of changes in medical protocols. Medical or mental emergencies may be life-threatening, especially in children due to their unique physiological needs.

The effect of restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategies on longer-term outcomes after cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.

Purpose: Blood transfusions are frequently administered in cardiac surgery. Despite a large number of published studies comparing a "restrictive" strategy with a "liberal" strategy, no clear consensus has emerged to guide blood transfusion practice in cardiac surgery patients. The purpose of this study was to identify, critically appraise, and summarize the evidence on the overall effect of restrictive transfusion strategies compared with liberal transfusion strategies on mortality, other clinical outcomes, and transfusion-related outcomes in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Inter-rater reliability and validity of risk of bias instrument for non-randomized studies of exposures: a study protocol.

Background: A new tool, "risk of bias (ROB) instrument for non-randomized studies of exposures (ROB-NRSE)," was recently developed. It is important to establish consistency in its application and interpretation across review teams. In addition, it is important to understand if specialized training and guidance will improve the reliability in the results of the assessments.

Resveratrol for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disorder that is characterised by insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia, which over time may give rise to vascular complications. Resveratrol is a plant-derived nutritional supplement shown to have anti-diabetic properties in many animal models. Less evidence is available on its safety and efficacy in the management of T2DM in humans.

Inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of ROBINS-I: protocol for a cross-sectional study.

Background: The Cochrane Bias Methods Group recently developed the "Risk of Bias (ROB) in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions" (ROBINS-I) tool to assess ROB for non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSI). It is important to establish consistency in its application and interpretation across review teams. In addition, it is important to understand if specialized training and guidance will improve the reliability of the results of the assessments.

Dairy product consumption and development of cancer: an overview of reviews.

Objectives: To provide a comprehensive systematic overview of current evidence from pooled analyses/meta-analyses and systematic reviews (PMASRs) pertaining to dairy consumption and incident cancer and/or all-cause or cancer-specific mortality.

Design: Overview of reviews.

Setting: Community setting.

Bio efficacy of indigenous biological agents and selected fungicides against branch canker disease of (Macrophoma theicola) tea under field level.

Background: Branch canker caused by Macrophoma theicola is a major stem disease of tea plants (Camellia spp.). In tea plantations, this disease causes crop loss and it is one of the major limiting factor for yield stagnation.

Pre-symptomatic targeted treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm newborns: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: A clinically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in premature newborns. Symptomatic PDAs are often treated with prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors (PSI), but controversy remains if PSIs should also be used to manage early, asymptomatic PDAs.

Objective: To systematically identify, critically appraise, and evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmacological management of pre-symptomatic PDA in preterm newborns after confirmed patency by echocardiography.

Return on investment in healthcare leadership development programs.

Purpose Strong leadership has been shown to foster change, including loyalty, improved performance and decreased error rates, but there is a dearth of evidence on effectiveness of leadership development programs. To ensure a return on the huge investments made, evidence-based approaches are needed to assess the impact of leadership on health-care establishments. As a part of a pan-Canadian initiative to design an effective evaluative instrument, the purpose of this paper was to identify and summarize evidence on health-care outcomes/return on investment (ROI) indicators and metrics associated with leadership quality, leadership development programs and existing evaluative instruments.

Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cell Therapy in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) therapy in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients have reported conflicting results. Our main objective was to critically appraise and meta-analyze best-available evidence on efficacy and safety of intracoronary administration of autologous BMSC therapy in STEMI patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods: We conducted a search of MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Global Health, CINAHL, and conference proceedings in February 2017.

Nonnutritive sweeteners and cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies.

Background: Nonnutritive sweeteners, such as aspartame, sucralose and stevioside, are widely consumed, yet their long-term health impact is uncertain. We synthesized evidence from prospective studies to determine whether routine consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners was associated with long-term adverse cardiometabolic effects.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library (inception to January 2016) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated interventions for nonnutritive sweeteners and prospective cohort studies that reported on consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners among adults and adolescents.