Cerebellar Bergmann glia integrate noxious information and modulate nocifensive behaviors.

The cerebellum is activated by noxious stimuli and pathological pain but its role in noxious information processing remains unknown. Here, we show that in mice, cutaneous noxious electrical stimuli induced noradrenaline (NA) release from locus coeruleus (LC) terminals in the cerebellar cortex. Bergmann glia (BG) accumulated these LC-NA signals by increasing intracellular calcium in an integrative manner ('flares').

CB1R activates the epilepsy-associated protein Go to regulate neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity in the cerebellum.

encodes the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric Go protein. Despite being the most abundant G protein at synapses, the role of Go in the brain remains unclear, primarily because of the high mortality associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) 17 in mutated animals. Here, we conducted proteomic analyses with a brain synaptosomal fraction to investigate the Go-interactome and then generated a non-DEE model using mice to selectively knockout (KO) the presynaptic Gαo within cerebellum.

Reoxygenation and Repopulation of Tumor Cells after Ablative Hypofractionated Radiotherapy (SBRT and SRS) in Murine Tumors.

In this work, we investigated the change in tumor microenvironment caused by semi-ablative high-dose irradiation and its implication on tumor cell survival, reoxygenation of hypoxic cells and repopulation in FSaII tumors grown subcutaneously in the hind legs of C3H mice. Tumors were exposed to 10-30 Gy of X-ray radiation in a single exposure, and the vascularity and blood perfusion were assessed based on the levels of CD31 expression and Hoechst 33342 perfusion, respectively. The tumor hypoxia was assessed by staining for pimonidazole adduct formation and the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9).