Arabidopsis inositol polyphosphate kinases IPK1 and ITPK1 modulate crosstalk between SA-dependent immunity and phosphate-starvation responses.

Selective Arabidopsis thaliana inositol phosphate kinase functions modulate response amplitudes in innate immunity by balancing signalling adjustments with phosphate homeostasis networks. Pyrophosphorylation of InsP generates InsP and/or InsP containing high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds that are harnessed during energy requirements of a cell. As bona fide co-factors for several phytohormone networks, InsP/InsP modulate key developmental processes.

Quantification of phenolic acids and antioxidant potential of inbred, hybrid and composite cultivars of maize under different nitrogen regimes.

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a multipurpose crop, which is immensely used worldwide for its nutritional as well as medicinal properties. This study evaluates the effect of varying concentrations of nitrogen (N) on accumulation of phenolic acids and antioxidant activity in different maize cultivars, including inbreds, hybrids and a composite, which were grown in natural light under controlled temperature (30°C/20°C D/N) and humidity (80%), with sufficient (4.

Post-translational modifications in regulation of pathogen surveillance and signaling in plants: The inside- (and perturbations from) outside story.

In its lifetime a plant is exposed to pathogens of diverse types. Although methods of surveillance are broadly pathogen-individualized, immune signaling ultimately connect to common core networks maintained by key protein hubs. Defense elicitations modulate these hubs to re-allocate energy from central metabolic pathway into processes that execute immunity.