Electrochemical treatment of Orange II dye solution--use of aluminum sacrificial electrodes and floc characterization.

Electrocoagulation (EC) of Orange II dye in a flow through cell with aluminum as sacrificial electrodes was carried out under varying conditions of dye concentration, current density, flow rate, conductivity, and the initial pH of the solution in order to optimize the operating parameters for maximum benefits. Maximum removal efficiency of 94.5% was obtained at the following conditions: dye concentration=10 ppm, current density=160 A/m(2), initial pH 6.

Arsenic removal by electrocoagulation using combined Al-Fe electrode system and characterization of products.

Combination of electrodes, such as aluminum and iron in a single electrochemical cell provide an alternative method for removal of arsenic from water by electrocoagulation. The removal process has been studied with a wide range of arsenic concentration (1-1000 ppm) at different pH (4-10). Analysis of the electrochemically generated by-products by XRD, XPS, SEM/EDAX, FT-IR, and Mössbauer Spectroscopy revealed the expected crystalline iron oxides (magnetite (Fe3O4), lepidocrocite (FeO(OH)), iron oxide (FeO)) and aluminum oxides (bayerite (Al(OH)3), diaspore (AlO(OH)), mansfieldite (AlAsO(4).

Experimental and theoretical study of the atmospherically important O2-H2O complex.

The theoretically predicted water-oxygen van der Waals adduct has been experimentally confirmed by vibrational characterization using matrix isolation spectroscopic studies at 10 K. Vibrational bands for asymmetric and symmetric OH-stretching for this adduct have been found at 3728 cm(-1) and 3639 cm(-1), respectively. Theoretical calculations performed with Gaussian 98 software at the MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of theory support the alternative structure of the hydrated complex proposed by this study.

Arsenic removal via electrocoagulation from heavy metal contaminated groundwater in La Comarca Lagunera México.

Arsenic contamination is an enormous worldwide problem. A large number of people dwelling in Comarca Lagunera, situated in the central part of northern México, use well water with arsenic in excess of the water standard regulated by the Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources of México (SEMARNAT), to be suitable for human health. Individuals with lifetime exposure to arsenic develop the classic symptoms of arsenic poisoning.

Fourier transform infrared-probed O(3P) microreactor: demonstration with ethylene reactions in argon matrix.

To demonstrate the development of an oxygen atom microreactor in the form of liquid-helium-cooled solid argon matrix deposited on an infrared (IR) window, the oxidation of ethylene by mobile O atoms has been investigated. O atom diffusion through the argon matrix is confirmed and used to examine ethylene-oxygen atom reactions. In a bench-scale matrix isolation system probed with a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, matrices of solid Ar at 8-10 K doped with NO2 and ethylene have been prepared on a ZnSe window within an evacuated cryostat.

Fundamentals, present and future perspectives of electrocoagulation.

Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical wastewater treatment technology that is currently experiencing both increased popularity and considerable technical improvements. There has been relatively little effort to better understand the fundamental mechanisms of the processes, particularly those that could provide design parameters to optimize the performances of this relatively simple and inexpensive technique. In a research programme to delineate the mechanisms of the fundamental processes involved in, the authors have realized that the technology has been insufficiently reviewed with emphasis on the fundamentals and their relationship to the performance of this technology.

Treatment of orange II azo-dye by electrocoagulation (EC) technique in a continuous flow cell using sacrificial iron electrodes.

This paper describes the EC treatment of orange II dye solution in a flow cell using sodium chloride as an internal electrolyte. In this technique dye solutions were passed through a flow-through EC apparatus consisting of a flow-through cell, the electrode assembly, the feed pump and the DC power supply unit. The cell contained five parallel iron electrodes, which form four parallel cells.

Water-related matrix isolation phenomena during NO2 photolysis in argon matrix.

Photolysis (350-450 nm) of NO(2) molecules trapped in argon matrices at 10 K has been studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to examine the mobility of the photolysis products, O((3)P) and NO, and their subsequent reactions. The formation of N(2)O(5) and N(2)O(3) from reactions of these mobile species with immobilized NO(2) and N(2)O(4) is confirmed. Water molecules from the background gases in the vacuum have been found to be isolated in the argon matrix during deposition of diluted NO(2) in Ar.