A systematic review of risk factors associated with road traffic crashes and injuries among commercial motorcycle drivers.

To effectively reduce road traffic crashes (RTCs) and injuries interventions should be based on firm evidence regarding risk factors of RTCs and injuries in that specific population. Therefore, we undertook a systematic review to determine risk factors of RTCs and injuries among commercial motorcycle drivers. Searches were performed from inception to May 2022 in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection, PsycINFO and Cinahl, along with registers and reference lists.

Repeated hospital admission for intentional poisonings among older adults - a Swedish national register-based study.

Background: Poisoning injuries is an increasing concern among older people, and so is the repetition of intentional poisonings. To date, few studies have documented the pattern and individual risk factors for repeated poisonings. This national study aims to shed light on the burden, pattern, and health-related risk factors of repeated intentional poisoning leading to hospitalization or death among older Swedish adults (50 years and older), with a focus on the year following a first event.

The Association between Birthweight and Use of Cardiovascular Medications: The Role of Health Behaviors.

Background: There is limited evidence on the effect of low birthweight on the use of cardiovascular medications and the role of health behaviors. This study aims to determine the independent effect of low birthweight and its combination with adult health behaviors on the number of dispensed cardiovascular medications.

Methods: We included 15618 participants with information on birthweight and self-reported health behaviors.

Changing patterns in the burden of paediatric injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic: a study in Mozambique's central hospitals.

Introduction: There is a substantial body of knowledge on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on injuries showing frequent but inconsistent reductions in both volume and pattern. Yet, studies specifically addressing children are less common, not least from low- and middle-income countries. This study investigated whether changes in the pattern and outcome of paediatric injury admissions to Mozambique's four regional referral hospitals during 2020.

Potentially Inappropriate Medications in Older Adults-Prevalence, Trends and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia.

(1) Background: Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in older adults are associated with drug-related problems, adverse health consequences, repeated hospital admissions and a higher risk of mortality. In Saudi Arabia and some Arab countries, studies of PIMs among large cohorts of older adults are limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PIMs, trends and associated factors among outpatient older adults in Saudi Arabia.

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department attendances for pediatric injuries in Mozambique's central hospitals: an interrupted time series and a comparison within the restriction periods between 2019 and 2020.

Objectives: Hospital-based studies indicate that restriction measures imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic have affected the number and characteristics of pediatric injuries. However, few studies have been conducted in resource-poor countries. This study aimed to determine whether injury-related emergency department (ED) attendances in Mozambique were affected during the restriction periods in 2020 and how the pattern of injury changed.

A probabilistic bias analysis on the magnitude of unmeasured confounding: The impact of driving mileage on road traffic crashes.

Introduction: Unmeasured confounding can lead to biased interpretations of empirical findings. This paper aimed to assess the magnitude of suspected unmeasured confounding due to driving mileage and simulate the statistical power required to detect a discrepancy in the effect of polypharmacy on road traffic crashes (RTCs) among older adults.

Methods: Based on Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) approach, we estimated 1) the magnitude of confounding of driving mileage on the association of polypharmacy and RTCs and 2) the statistical power of to detect a discrepancy from no adjusted effect.

Assessment of critical resource gaps in pediatric injury care in Mozambique's four largest Hospitals.

Background: Hospitals from resource-scarce countries encounter significant barriers to the provision of injury care, particularly for children. Shortages in material and human resources are seldom documented, not least in African settings. This study analyzed pediatric injury care resources in Mozambique hospital settings.

Predictors of beverage-specific, alcohol consumption trajectories: A Swedish population-based cohort study.

The aim of the study was to examine whether changes in alcohol consumption over time differ according to beverage types, and to what extent socioeconomic, lifestyle and health-related factors predict beverage-specific trajectories in Sweden. We included participants from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort who were surveyed repeatedly in 2002, 2010 and 2014. Alcohol consumption trajectories were constructed for 13,152 individuals with valid information on amount and frequency of drinking.

Risk of myocardial infarction after invasive outpatient procedures.

Objective: To assess the short-term risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) associated with procedures performed at outpatient specialised hospital clinics.

Methods: In this case-crossover, population-based study, we identified first-time AMI cases aged ≥40 years via patient registries and linked them to their surgical intervention in Norway (2008-2016) and Sweden (2001-2014), respectively. The number of individuals with AMI who underwent procedures 0-7 days (hazard period) prior to the AMI diagnosis was compared with cases who were exposed 29-36 days (control period) before the AMI.

The joint effect between fetal growth and health behaviors on the risk of cardiovascular diseases in young adulthood.

Purpose: To investigate the individual and the joint effect of impaired fetal growth and adult health behaviors on the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Methods: A total of 15,618 individuals were included from three sub-cohorts of the Stockholm Public Health Cohort. Data on participants' birthweight and gestational age were retrieved from the Medical Birth Register.

How the Shift Toward Working From Home Has Impacted People's Work and Private Life.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to describe the effect of working from home on work conditions and private life by analyzing reported changes in different work-related factors.

Methods: We used descriptive analyses on cross-sectional data of 4985 people aged 20 to 67 years from Stockholm, Sweden collected in 2021. The prevalence of reported changes for factors related to work and private life was analyzed by degree of work from home and stratified by age, sex, and educational level.

Short-Term Risk of Unintentional Poisoning After New Initiation of Central Nervous System Medications in Swedish Older Adults: A Register-Based Case-Crossover Study.

Introduction: Medications acting on the central nervous system (CNS) are common causes of medication-related unintentional poisoning. Little is known about the short-term effects of CNS medications on unintentional poisoning.

Objective: This study aims to determine the short-term association between newly prescribed CNS drugs and unintentional poisoning.

Newly initiated cardiovascular medication and short-term risk of unintentional poisoning among Swedish middle-aged and older adults: A national register-based case-crossover study.

Background: Although some studies have shown the average side effects of cardiovascular medication, the short-term effect after newly initiated cardiovascular medications has not been studied in any detail. We aim to determine the effect of newly initiated cardiovascular medications resulting in unintentional poisoning and to identify those at high risk.

Methods: A case-crossover design was used.

Differences by region of birth in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine coverage and positive SARS-CoV-2 test among 400 000 healthcare workers and the general population in Sweden.

Background: Globally SARS-CoV-2 vaccine coverage varies among healthcare workers.

Methods: Based on Swedish registers, data on vaccination status as of 31 October 2021 were analysed for all adults aged 35-64 years, 3 861 565 individuals, in Sweden by healthcare worker occupation group and region of birth.

Results: For both men and women vaccination coverage decreased in a graded manner by healthcare worker group with physicians having the highest coverage (96%), followed by registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and nurse aides.

Risk for Acute Myocardial Infarction After Ophthalmologic Procedures.

Background: Preoperative cardiovascular evaluations are frequently done before ambulatory ophthalmologic procedures. However, whether these procedures can trigger an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is unknown.

Objective: To assess the short-term risk for AMI associated with ophthalmologic procedures.

Medical impairment and road traffic crashes among older drivers in Sweden - A national, population-based, case-control study.

Background: Several medical conditions are known to impair sensory, cognitive and motor functions and are associated with road traffic crashes (RTC). For the drivers of today, we lack updated knowledge on how driving-impairing conditions are associated with RTCs, across all driving-impairing conditions in a given population. We aim to determine this among older drivers in Sweden.

Association between alcohol consumption, marijuana use and road traffic injuries among commercial motorcycle riders: A population-based, case-control study in Dares Salaam, Tanzania.

Background: Alcohol consumption and psychoactive drug use are well-recognised risk factors for road traffic injuries (RTIs). Both types of use may impair and affect drivers' performance. Yet, there is limited literature on their contribution to RTIs among commercial motorcycle riders, particularly in low- and middle-income settings.

Post-injury benzodiazepine and opioid use among older adults involved in road traffic crashes: A Swedish register-based longitudinal study.

Aim: Psychotropic drugs like opioids and benzodiazepines are prescribed for traumas resulting from road traffic crashes and the risk of developing an addiction deserves consideration. This study aims to shed light on how the consumption of those drugs evolves over time among older road traffic injury (RTI) victims.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide Swedish register-based longitudinal study to identify trajectories of post-RTI psychotropic drug use.

Informal care and the impact on depression and anxiety among Swedish adults: a population-based cohort study.

Background: As the population is ageing, the need for informal caregivers increases, and thus we need to know more about the effects on caregivers. This study aims to determine both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between perceived limitation of informal caregiving and mental health of caregivers.

Methods: This population-based cohort study was based on the Swedish Psykisk hälsa, Arbete och RelaTioner (PART) study, and 9346 individuals aged 18-65 were included.

Acuity level of care as a predictor of case fatality and prolonged hospital stay in patients with COVID-19: a hospital-based observational follow-up study from Pakistan.

Objectives: To determine if there is an association between acuity level of care (ALC), case fatality and length of stay in patients admitted to hospital due to COVID-19.

Design: A hospital-based observational follow-up study.

Setting: Internal Medicine Service of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan, from 26 February 2020 to 30 June 2020.