Environmental and spatial determinants of enteric pathogen infection in rural Lao People's Democratic Republic: A cross-sectional study.

clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02342860).

Adherence Factor Expression in -Like Conditions.

The species are Gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogens that invade the colonic epithelium and cause significant diarrheal disease. Despite extensive research on the pathogen, a comprehensive understanding of how initiates contact with epithelial cells remains unknown. maintains many of the same adherence gene operons; however, at least one critical gene component in each operon is currently annotated as a pseudogene in reference genomes.

Associations between soil-transmitted helminthiasis and viral, bacterial, and protozoal enteroinfections: a cross-sectional study in rural Laos.

Background: Humans are susceptible to over 1400 pathogens. Co-infection by multiple pathogens is common, and can result in a range of neutral, facilitative, or antagonistic interactions within the host. Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are powerful immunomodulators, but evidence of the effect of STH infection on the direction and magnitude of concurrent enteric microparasite infections is mixed.

Insights into enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diversity in Bangladesh utilizing genomic epidemiology.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause more than 500,000 deaths each year in the developing world and are characterized on a molecular level by the presence of genes that encode the heat-stable (ST) and/or heat-labile (LT) enterotoxins, as well as surface structures, known as colonization factors (CFs). Genome sequencing and comparative genomic analyses of 94 previously uncharacterized ETEC isolates demonstrated remarkable genomic diversity, with 28 distinct sequence types identified in three phylogenomic groups. Interestingly, there is a correlation between the genomic sequence type and virulence factor profiles based on prevalence of the isolate, suggesting that there is an optimal combination of genetic factors required for survival, virulence and transmission in the most successful clones.

Analysis of Shigella flexneri Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Transcriptional Profile in Response to Bile Salts.

The species cause millions of cases of watery or bloody diarrhea each year, mostly in children in developing countries. While many aspects of colonic cell invasion are known, crucial gaps in knowledge regarding how the bacteria survive, transit, and regulate gene expression prior to infection remain. In this study, we define mechanisms of resistance to bile salts and build on previous research highlighting induced virulence in strain 2457T following exposure to bile salts.

Survival of the Fittest: How Bacterial Pathogens Utilize Bile To Enhance Infection.

Bacterial pathogens have coevolved with humans in order to efficiently infect, replicate within, and be transmitted to new hosts to ensure survival and a continual infection cycle. For enteric pathogens, the ability to adapt to numerous host factors under the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract is critical for establishing infection. One such host factor readily encountered by enteric bacteria is bile, an innately antimicrobial detergent-like compound essential for digestion and nutrient absorption.

Examination of the Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Population Structure during Human Infection.

Unlabelled: Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) can cause severe diarrhea and death in children in developing countries; however, bacterial diversity in natural infection is uncharacterized. In this study, we explored the natural population variation of ETEC from individuals with cholera-like diarrhea.