Low-Risk Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Patients Do Not Require Routine Diagnostic Imaging: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Cohort Study.

Background: Stratification to categorize patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) as low or high risk for metastatic infection may direct diagnostic evaluation and enable personalized management. We investigated the frequency of metastatic infections in low-risk SAB patients, their clinical relevance, and whether omission of routine imaging is associated with worse outcomes.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study at 7 Dutch hospitals among adult patients with low-risk SAB, defined as hospital-acquired infection without treatment delay, absence of prosthetic material, short duration of bacteremia, and rapid defervescence.

Virological Failure After Switch to Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine Injectable Therapy: An In-depth Analysis.

Background: Long-acting (LA) injectable therapy with cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV) is currently used as maintenance treatment for human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and has a low risk for virological failure (VF). Although the risk is low, the circumstances and impact of VF in the real-world setting merit further evaluation.

Methods: We performed an in-depth clinical, virological, and pharmacokinetic analysis on the reasons behind and the impact of VF during LA CAB/RPV therapy in 5 cases from the Netherlands.

Short Communication: Prolonged COVID-19 Infection in a Patient with Newly Diagnosed HIV/AIDS.

A 38-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with fever and dyspnea. Hospitalization was warranted and soon coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was diagnosed based on a positive SARS-CoV-2-PCR. Over the following weeks his condition gradually worsened, leading to admission at the intensive care unit.

Empiric antibiotic therapy in early periprosthetic joint infection: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication following total knee or total hip arthroplasty (TKA/THA). Appropriate empiric antibiotic treatment, initiated directly after debridement and implant retention (DAIR), is suggested to contribute to treatment success. The aim of this study was to describe the microbiology and the antibiotic susceptibility in early PJI to guide future empiric treatment in a region with a low incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Long-Term Impact of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Density in HIV Patients with Documented Deficiencies.

To assess the efficacy of long-term calcium and vitamin D treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV patients on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). A retrospective, single-center cohort study. Between March 2010 and July 2012, 268 HIV patients were screened for vitamin D and calcium deficiency.

Autochthonous Human Case of Seoul Virus Infection, the Netherlands.

Orthohantaviruses are a group of rodentborne viruses with a worldwide distribution. The orthohantavirus Seoul virus (SEOV) can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans and is distributed worldwide, like its reservoir host, the rat. Cases of SEOV in wild and pet rats have been described in several countries, and human cases have been reported in the United Kingdom, France, Canada, and the United States.

Zidovudine continuous infusion in an HIV-infected pregnant woman with a phobia of swallowing pills.

The authors report the difficulties of preventing mother-to-child transmission in a pregnant HIV-infected woman with a phobia of swallowing pills. After multiple attempts and just as many failures, the authors ended up with cART consisting of small tablets of nevirapine, lamivudine and a continuous intravenous infusion of zidovudine given via an elastomeric pump at home. This case demonstrates the difficulties that HIV physicians can encounter in pregnant women who have difficulties in swallowing tablets.

[Cerebellar dysfunction due to pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila].

Background: Legionnaires' disease is frequently complicated by extrapulmonary symptoms such as neurological abnormalities. Cerebellar disorders are rare, but can be long-lasting and disabling.

Case Description: A 57-year-old male developed severe cerebellar disorders such as dysarthria and ataxia after being hospitalized for pneumonia.

Treatment of calcium and vitamin D deficiency in HIV-positive men on tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Hypophosphatemia and bone disease are common in HIV-positive (HIV+) patients on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing antiretroviral therapy (TDF-containing ART). The underlying etiology is not completely understood.

Objective: To examine the effects of treatment of calcium and vitamin D deficiency on phosphate metabolism and bone disease in HIV+ patients on tenofovir.