Mortality as a Function of Survival.

Everyone has a chronological age. Because survivorship declines relentlessly in populations with age-specific death rates greater than zero, everyone also has a survivorship age ("s-age"), the age at which a proportion s of the population is still alive. S-ages can be estimated for both periods and cohorts.

Probability of males to outlive females: an international comparison from 1751 to 2020.

Objective: To measure sex differences in lifespan based on the probability of males to outlive females.

Design: International comparison of national and regional sex-specific life tables from the Human Mortality Database and the World Population Prospects.

Setting: 199 populations spanning all continents, between 1751 and 2020.

Regularities in human mortality after age 105.

Empirical research on human mortality and extreme longevity suggests that the risk of death among the oldest-old ceases to increase and levels off at age 110. The universality of this finding remains in dispute because of two main reasons: i) high uncertainty around statistical estimates generated from scarce data, and ii) the lack of country-specific comparisons. In this article, we estimate age patterns of mortality above age 105 using data from the International Database on Longevity, an exceptionally large and recently updated database comprising more than 13,000 validated records of long-lived individuals from eight populations.

Stratification in health and survival after age 100: evidence from Danish centenarians.

Background: The existence of a super-select group of centenarians that demonstrates increased survivorship has been hypothesized. However, it is unknown if this super-select group possesses similar characteristics apart from extreme longevity.

Methods: In this study, we analyse high-quality health and survival data of Danish centenarians born in 1895, 1905 and 1910.

Progression of the smoking epidemic in high-income regions and its effects on male-female survival differences: a cohort-by-age analysis of 17 countries.

Background: Of all lifestyle behaviours, smoking caused the most deaths in the last century. Because of the time lag between the act of smoking and dying from smoking, and because males generally take up smoking before females do, male and female smoking epidemiology often follows a typical double wave pattern dubbed the 'smoking epidemic'. How are male and female deaths from this epidemic differentially progressing in high-income regions on a cohort-by-age basis? How have they affected male-female survival differences?

Methods: We used data for the period 1950-2015 from the WHO Mortality Database and the Human Mortality Database on three geographic regions that have progressed most into the smoking epidemic: high-income North America, high-income Europe and high-income Oceania.

Latin American convergence and divergence towards the mortality profiles of developed countries.

It is uncertain whether Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) countries are approaching a single mortality regime. Over the last three decades, LAC has experienced major public health interventions and the highest number of homicides in the world. However, these interventions and homicide rates are not evenly shared across countries.