Geocultural differences in pre-schooler sleep profiles and family practices: an analysis of pooled data from 37 countries.

Study Objectives: To examine 1) multidimensional sleep profiles in pre-schoolers (3-6 years) across geocultural regions and 2) differences in sleep characteristics and family practices between Majority World regions (Pacific Islands, Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, Latin America) and the Minority World (the Western world).

Methods: Participants were 3507 pre-schoolers from 37 countries. Nighttime sleep characteristics and nap duration (accelerometer: n=1950) and family practices (parental questionnaire) were measured.

Dose-response associations of the American Heart Association's new "Life's essential 8" metrics with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a nationally representative sample from the United States.

Background: Our aim was to examine the prospective dose-response associations of American Heart Association's (AHA) LIFE's Essential 8 (LE8) score and number of cardiovascular health (CVH) factors with high score with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) related mortality.

Methods: We pooled 6 consecutive waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) comprising rounds between 2007 and 2008 and 2017-2018. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and conducted restricted cubic splines models to assess the dose-response association of LE8 score and CVH factors with all-cause and CVD mortality.

Validity and reliability of a ruler drop test to measure dual-task reaction time, choice reaction time and discrimination reaction time.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the absolute and relative reliability of the Ruler Drop Test (RDT) for assessing dual-task, choice, and discrimination reaction time. In addition, the construct validity of the RDT is examined in comparison to the Deary-Liewald reaction time (DLRT).

Methods: Tests were administered by the same evaluator, one week apart.

Effects of Multimodal Exercise With Augmented Reality on Cognition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects of an exercise intervention using multimodal exercise with augmented reality and multimodal exercise-only on cognitive function in older adults living in a community dwelling.

Design: Quasi-experimental research study.

Setting And Participants: In this control study, 78 participants were divided into 2 experimental groups (with sessions 3 times a week for 12 weeks) and a control group (CG).

Optimal Dose and Type of Physical Activity to Improve Glycemic Control in People Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: The optimal dose or type of physical activity to control glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in people with diabetes remains unknown. Current guidelines do not include consideration of baseline HbA1c for activity prescription.

Purpose: To examine the dose-response relationship between physical activity and HbA1c (%) in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and 24-h movement guidelines in Spanish young people.

Background: No prior research has investigated how exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is related to the combination of 24-h movement behaviors among young populations thus far. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between exposure to secondhand smoke and the 24-h movement guidelines.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using data from the last available wave of the Spanish National Health Survey [2017], a nationally representative survey of the Spanish children and adult population.

Optimal dose and type of physical activity to improve functional capacity and minimise adverse events in acutely hospitalised older adults: a systematic review with dose-response network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: To identify the optimal dose and type of physical activity to improve functional capacity and reduce adverse events in acutely hospitalised older adults.

Design: Systematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis.

Data Sources: Four databases were searched from inception to 20 June 2022.

Exercise to treat psychopathology and other clinical outcomes in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Psychopathology and side effects of antipsychotic drugs contribute to worsening physical health and long-term disability, and increasing the risk of mortality in these patients. The efficacy of exercise on these factors is not fully understood, and this lack of knowledge may hamper the routine application of physical activity as part of the clinical care of schizophrenia.

Aims: To determine the effect of exercise on psychopathology and other clinical markers in patients with schizophrenia.

Associations between Hospitalization and Device-Assessed Physical Activity in a Representative Sample of Older Adults.

Background: Evidence investigating associations between hospitalization and physical activity is scarce and limited to specific populations of older adults.

Objective: The current study aimed to describe the impact of past hospitalization on current physical activity levels of a large representative sample of European older adults with accelerometry data.

Methods: A representative sample of 856 European older adults aged 50 years and over was included in this study.

High Fragmented Physical Activity as an Early Risk Indicator of Frailty and Mortality in Adults Aged 50 Years and Over.

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the associations of activity fragmentation with frailty status and all-cause mortality in a representative US sample of people 50 years and over.

Methods: This prospective study used data from the 2003-2006 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants 50 years or over were included in the study (n = 2,586).

Acute Effects of Augmented Reality Exergames versus Cycle Ergometer on Reaction Time, Visual Attention, and Verbal Fluency in Community Older Adults.

Background: This study aims to investigate the acute effects of an augmented reality session and a cycle ergometer session compared to no exercise on the reaction times, cognitive flexibility, and verbal fluency of older adults.

Methods: Each participant did a familiarization with cognitive tests and the following three sessions: cycle ergometer, no exercise (control group), and augmented reality exergame (Portable Exergame Platform for Elderly) sessions. The participants were randomized in a within-group design into one of six possible combinations.

Optimal Number of Steps per Day to Prevent All-Cause Mortality in People With Prediabetes and Diabetes.

Objective: We aimed to examine the dose-response associations between the number of steps per day and all-cause mortality among adults with prediabetes and diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: This prospective study used data from 1,194 U.S.

Effects of respiratory muscle training on respiratory efficiency and health-related quality of life in sedentary women with fibromyalgia: a randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is a complex disease that is mainly characterised by chronic pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances and may be precipitated or worsened by many stressors. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) on respiratory efficiency and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women with FM.

Methods: A total of 30 women with FM were included in the intention to treat analyses: 15 were assigned to the RMT group and 15 to the control group.

Physical and Motor Fitness Tests for Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aimed to identify the physical/motor fitness tests for nursing home residents and to examine their psychometric properties. Electronic databases were searched for articles published between January 2005 and October 2021 using MeSh terms and relevant keywords. Of the total of 4196 studies identified, 3914 were excluded based on title, abstracts, or because they were duplicates.

Replacing Sedentary Behavior With Physical Activity of Different Intensities: Implications for Physical Function, Muscle Function, and Disability in Octogenarians Living in Long-Term Care Facilities.

Background: We investigated the associations of replacing sedentary behavior (SB) with physical activity of different intensities on the physical function of octogenarians living in long-term care facilities.

Methods: This pooled study recruited 427 older adults aged 80 years and older (69.1% female; body mass index: 27.

Optimal dose and type of exercise to improve cognitive function in older adults: A systematic review and bayesian model-based network meta-analysis of RCTs.

Objective: To examine the dose-response relationship between overall and specific types of exercise with cognitive function in older adults.

Design: Systematic Review and Bayesian Model-Based Network Meta-Analysis.

Data Sources: Systematic search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus.

Can Physical Activity Make Up for the Self-Care Disability Effects of Too Much Sitting? A Moderation Analysis in Octogenarians Residing in Living Care Facilities.

Background And Purpose: Physical activity can delay the progression of self-care disability in older adults residing in living care facilities. Nonetheless, older adults residing in living care facilities spend most of their time sedentary and do not meet the physical activity recommendation, which may result in increasing self-care disability in this population group. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the association between sedentary time and self-care disability was moderated by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in older adults residing in living care facilities.

Cross-sectional examination of 24-hour movement behaviours among 3- and 4-year-old children in urban and rural settings in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries: the SUNRISE study protocol.

Introduction: 24-hour movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) during the early years are associated with health and developmental outcomes, prompting the WHO to develop Global guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. Prevalence data on 24-hour movement behaviours is lacking, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper describes the development of the protocol, designed to address this gap.

Global effect of COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep among 3- to 5-year-old children: a longitudinal study of 14 countries.

Background: The restrictions associated with the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes to young children's daily routines and habits. The impact on their participation in movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary screen time and sleep) is unknown. This international longitudinal study compared young children's movement behaviours before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Impact of Social Isolation on Physical Functioning Among Older Adults: A 9-Year Longitudinal Study of a U.S.-Representative Sample.

Introduction: Social isolation among older adults is associated with poor health and premature mortality, but its impact on physical functioning is not fully understood. Previous studies have typically relied on community samples, cross-sectional data, and suboptimal prospective designs. This study generates more robust evidence by investigating the longitudinal associations between social isolation and physical functioning in a large panel of older adults.

Bidirectional and Dynamic Relationships Between Social Isolation and Physical Functioning Among Older Adults: A Cross-Lagged Panel Model of US National Survey Data.

Background: Previous studies examining unidirectional relationships between social isolation and physical functioning among older adults may be biased due to reverse causality. This study leveraged data from a US national sample of older adults and a novel estimation method to identify bidirectional associations between these 2 phenomena and their associated temporal dynamics.

Methods: The analyses were based on 9 waves of panel data from a sample of adults aged 65 and older from the US National Health and Aging Trends Study (n = 12 427 individuals) and a cross-lagged panel model.

Associations between activity fragmentation and subjective memory complaints in middle-aged and older adults.

Introduction: Subjective memory complaints (SMC) are often considered a clinical marker of mild cognitive impairment and dementia and could manifest as shortening of activity bouts throughout the day causing daily activity to accumulate in a more fragmented pattern. In the current study we explored the association between activity fragmentation and SMC in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: We used data from 3820 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2006) with valid accelerometer SMC data.