IGF1R acts as a cancer-promoting factor in the tumor microenvironment facilitating lung metastasis implantation and progression.

Given the long-term ineffectiveness of current therapies and late-stage diagnoses, lung cancer is a leading cause of malignant diseases. Tumor progression is influenced by cancer cell interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME). Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) was reported to affect the TME; however, the role of IGF1R in lung TME has not been investigated.

Cytogenetic and immunohistochemical study of 42 pigmented microcystic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (PMChRCC).

Pigmented microcystic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (PMChRCC) is a recently described morphologic variant of ChRCC. We have identified 42 cases in 40 patients in the last 24 years. We have investigated their clinical, morphologic, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic features.

Long-term oncologic results in cancer of the rectum treated by preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgery: An analysis of 500 cases.

Background: The standard treatment for locally advanced cancer of the rectum (LACR) and selective cases of stage IV disease is preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME). Despite reductions in local recurrence, disease-free survival (DSF) has remained stable in recent years.

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze patterns of recurrence, long-term survival and prognostic factors in a program of neoadjuvant CRT and surgery in LACR.

Tumor response assessment in locally advanced colon cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Background: Preoperative chemotherapy followed by radical surgery is a novel therapeutic approach for locally advanced colon cancer (LACC). Neoadjuvant strategies require highly accurate diagnostic tests for a proper selection of candidate patients, allowing a low risk of overtreatment. This paper assesses the radiological, metabolic and pathological findings induced by preoperative oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidines-based chemotherapy in LACC.

Trial of complete weaning from immunosuppression for liver transplant recipients: factors predictive of tolerance.

Recipients of liver transplantation (LT) may develop immunological tolerance. Factors predictive of tolerance are not clearly understood. Transplant recipients with normal liver function tests and without active viral hepatitis or autoimmune disease who presented with side effects of immunosuppression or a high risk of de novo malignancies were selected to participate in this prospective study.

Long-term follow-up study of gastroduodenal lesions after radioembolization of hepatic tumors.

Aim: To evaluate the long-term natural history of the gastroduodenal lesions secondary to extrahepatic embolization with Ytrium 90 (⁹⁰Y) spheres.

Methods: From September 2003 to January 2012, 379 procedures of liver radioembolization (RE) using resin microspheres loaded with ⁹⁰Y were performed in our center. We have retrospectively compiled the data from 379 RE procedures performed in our center.

Surgical training on rectal cancer surgery: do supervised senior residents differ from consultants in outcomes?

Introduction: The present work is a comparative study to investigate the independent effect of tutored senior residents on rectal cancer surgery in an academic university hospital. The variable "surgeon" is held to be a major determinant of outcome following total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer.

Objective: We hypothesized that TME can be tutored to senior surgical residents without compromising surgical and oncological outcomes.

Prognosis factors for recurrence in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer preoperatively treated with chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision has improved the outcome of locally advanced rectal carcinoma.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify independent prognosis factors of disease recurrence in a group of patients treated with this approach.

Design And Patients: This study was retrospective in design.

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: strategies to reduce tumoral risk.

The main goal at a High-Risk Gastrointestinal Cancer Clinic is to identify individuals at increased risk of developing tumors for diagnosis them in presymptomatic stages, when they are potentially curable. We report an asymptomatic patient belonging to a family with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome with a novel pathogenic mutation in the E-cadherin gene. In the absence of any proven diagnostic tool in surveillance tumor of this syndrome, the recommendation accepted today for an asymptomatic individual with known mutation is to perform prophylactic surgery.

Fc gamma receptor polymorphisms as predictive markers of Cetuximab efficacy in epidermal growth factor receptor downstream-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer.

Background: The immunoglobulin G1 (IgG(1)) monoclonal antibody (MoAb) Cetuximab is active in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) as first or subsequent lines of therapy. Efficacy seems restricted to KRAS wild-type tumours. IgG(1) may also induce antibody dependent cell mediated citotoxicity (ADCC) by recruitment of immune effector cells.

Four-week neoadjuvant intensity-modulated radiation therapy with concurrent capecitabine and oxaliplatin in locally advanced rectal cancer patients: a validation phase II trial.

Purpose: To validate tolerance and pathological complete response rate (pCR) of a 4-week preoperative course of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with concurrent capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Methods And Materials: Patients with T3 to T4 and/or N+ rectal cancer received preoperative IMRT (47.5 Gy in 19 fractions) with concurrent capecitabine (825 mg/m(2) b.

Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound to assess tumor response after neoadjuvant treatment in rectal cancer: can we trust the findings?

Background: The finding that some rectal cancers respond to neoadjuvant chemoradiation is broadening new surgical options for the treatment of some of these tumors that, until now, required a total mesorectal excision. Nevertheless, a fine match between clinical and pathological response is required when planning conservative surgical approaches.

Objective: This study aims to prospectively validate the use of endoscopic ultrasound as a predictor of clinical and pathological tumor response in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

[Giant Brunner's gland hamartoma: diagnosis and endoscopic treatment].

Brunner's gland hamartoma is a polypoid lesion typically composed of an increased quantity of normal-appearing Brunner's glands, accompanied by a variable proportion of smooth muscle. Most of these masses are asymptomatic and behave as benign tumors. Occasionally tumoral growth can provoke gastrointestinal problems which, together with the possibility of malignant transformation, will require resection after a broad differential diagnosis has been made with solitary duodenal mass.

A new mutation in the hMSH2 gene in a Spanish Lynch syndrome family.

We report a new germline mutation in exon 13 of the hMSH2 gene (c.2081T>C; F694S) in a patient diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma. The patient's family fulfilled the clinical criteria of the Bethesda guidelines for Lynch syndrome.

Patterns of response after preoperative treatment in gastric cancer.

Purpose: To analyze the rate of pathologic response in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer treated with preoperative chemotherapy with and without chemoradiation at our institution.

Methods And Materials: From 2000 to 2007 patients were retrospectively identified who received preoperative treatment for gastric cancer (cT3-4/ N+) with induction chemotherapy (Ch) or with Ch followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (45 Gy in 5 weeks) (ChRT). Surgery was planned 4-6 weeks after the completion of neoadjuvant treatment.

A large gastric duplication (choristoma) in an adult mimicking a mucinous cystic tumor of the pancreas.

Gastric duplication represents a very rare entity in the adult population. Most of the symptoms are due to the presence of ectopic gastric mucosa (30-35% of cases), gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation or neoplasm formation. We report a case of gastric duplication in an adult mimicking a mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas.

Large cell carcinoma of the lung: an endangered species?

This study aims to evaluate large cell carcinomas (LCC) of the lung with a panel of immunohistochemical markers in an attempt to identify tumors belonging to other categories. We analyzed a tissue microarray platform of 101 LCC with a panel of 31 monoclonal antibodies. The tumors were 82 (81.

microRNA-451 regulates macrophage migration inhibitory factor production and proliferation of gastrointestinal cancer cells.

Purpose: microRNAs (miRNA) are small RNAs that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Recent evidence has shown that some miRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential association of miRNA expression with clinical outcome in patients with gastric cancer.

Primary mixed squamous carcinoma and osteosarcoma (carcinosarcomas) of the lung have a CGH mapping similar to primitive squamous carcinomas and osteosarcomas.

Carcinosarcomas are malignant tumors with a mixture of carcinomatous and differentiated sarcomatous elements. We investigate the morphology, immunohistochemistry, and comparative genomic hybridization analysis of 3 mixed squamous carcinoma and osteosarcoma of the lung. All patients were male and their ages were 72, 43, and 58 years.

Phase I-II trial of concurrent capecitabine and oxaliplatin with preoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Purpose: To identify the maximal tolerated dose level of preoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with capecitabine and oxaliplatin and to evaluate the efficacy.

Patients And Methods: Patients with rectal T3-T4 and/or N0-N+ rectal cancer received capecitabine 825 mg/m(2) twice daily Monday through Friday and oxaliplatin 60 mg/m(2) intravenously on Days 1, 8, and 15, concurrently with intensity-modulated radiotherapy. The radiation dose was increased in 5.

A gene signature of 8 genes could identify the risk of recurrence and progression in Dukes' B colon cancer patients.

The benefit of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with Dukes' B colorectal cancer is still uncertain and its routine use is not recommended. The five-year relapse rate is approximately 25-40% and the identification of patients at high risk of recurrence would represent an important strategy for the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. We retrospectively analyzed gene expression profiles in frozen tumor specimens from patients with Dukes' B colorectal cancer by using high density oligonucleotide microarrays.

Loss of FHIT protein expression is related to high proliferation, low apoptosis and worse prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer.

The fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene, located at chromosome 3p14.2, is deleted in many solid tumors, including lung cancer. Its protein product is presumed to have tumor suppressor function.

Percutaneous extrahepatic portacaval shunt with covered prostheses: feasibility study.

Purpose: To assess the anatomic feasibility of creating a percutaneous extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (PEPS) between the main portal vein (MPV) and the inferior vena cava (IVC) in patients with cirrhosis and to evaluate the feasibility of this approach in an animal model.

Materials And Methods: In human studies, computed tomographic (CT) scans from 34 patients with cirrhosis were reviewed to assess the distance and anatomic structures found between the MPV and IVC. The MPV was divided into upper, middle, and lower thirds for analysis.

The diffuse endocrine system: from embryogenesis to carcinogenesis.

In the present review we will summarise the current knowledge about the cells comprising the Diffuse Endocrine System (DES) in mammalian organs. We will describe the morphological, histochemical and functional traits of these cells in three major systems gastrointestinal, respiratory and prostatic. We will also focus on some aspects of their ontogeny and differentiation, as well as to their relevance in carcinogenesis, especially in neuroendocrine tumors.