Immunogenicity of RV1 and RV5 vaccines administered in standard and interchangeable mixed schedules: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority clinical trial in Mexican infants.

Introduction: Rotavirus-associated diarrheal diseases significantly burden healthcare systems, particularly affecting infants under five years. Both Rotarix™ (RV1) and RotaTeq™ (RV5) vaccines have been effective but have distinct application schedules and limited interchangeability data. This study aims to provide evidence on the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of mixed RV1-RV5 schedules compared to their standard counterparts.

Effect of school reopening on pediatric morbidity and mortality during the third epidemiological wave of COVID-19 in a Mexican state.

Background: Determining the effect of reopening schools on pediatric SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection rates increased the need to share the experience of governments in many geographic regions for better future decision-making in similar health emergencies.

Methods: Through a prospective study based on a population-based cohort, students from 18,988 schools in the State of Mexico who began returning to school were followed. Daily sanitation filters were implemented in each school and district liaisons were informed on a daily basis through a negative network.

Self-perceived knowledge level of epidemic management in medical residents prior to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico.

Introduction: COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020, requiring a comprehensive response from all healthcare systems, including Mexico's. As medical residents' training did not involve epidemic response, we decided to evaluate their level of training on this subject, specifically self-perceived knowledge level and capacity to respond to epidemiological crises.

Methodology: Medical residents from two hospitals belonging to PEMEX (Mexico's state-owned petroleum company) were included in a cross-sectional study.

COVID-19 epidemiology in a Mexican tertiary care hospital.

Introduction: As a result of COVID-19, many hospitals underwent a conversion for the care for this disease.

Objective: To analyze COVID-19 hospital epidemiological behavior from March to August 2020.

Methods: Through a series of cases, COVID-19 epidemiological behavior at the hospital was analyzed, for which simple case rates, percentages and incidence of COVID-19 per 100 hospital discharges were estimated.

[The role of medical students in pandemics].

There is a general perception that medical students should help in case of disaster situations or epidemiological contingencies; although, they may not have been properly educated to do so. In recent dates, the participation of students is important in staff training activities, triage, care of bureaucratic activities, volunteering; but they are not considered a first line of care at disaster sites or patient management. The perception of the participation of medical students in disasters and pandemics is reviewed in the literature and some of the needs for their training and teaching are established, so that they can truly become an option in times of crisis.

Decrease of Postchemotherapy Complications With the Use of Probiotics in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Introduction: During the administration of antineoplastic drugs, acute complications because of toxicity occur, determining their hospital readmission, visits to the emergency department, use of antimicrobials, and possibilities of presenting systemic infections, impacting on their life quality.

Methods: Through a prospective cohort, 60 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were followed-up for 30 days after the hospital discharge because of chemotherapy administration, those patients were previously included in a single-blinded study in which 30 (group 1) received Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG probiotic during the administration of chemotherapy. The remaining 30 patients did not receive probiotics (group 2).

Opportunities in the teaching of medical specialties, regarding influenza and COVID-19.

Medical specialties' teaching is an area of health systems that deserves special consideration in light of the lessons learned from influenza and COVID-19; educational programs and implementation of the training strategies that are used must be reevaluated, since the level of training of most specialty students does not allow to consider them as personnel who can face these global problems. The number of specialization courses has exponentially grown, and their main threat is the cancellation or partial execution of their academic programs as a consequence of not implementing functional operational strategies during a contingency.

Probiotic Supplementation Decreases Chemotherapy-induced Gastrointestinal Side Effects in Patients With Acute Leukemia.

Introduction: In children with acute leukemia, gut microbiota is modified secondary to chemotherapy administration, leading to gastrointestinal side effects. Probiotics are microorganisms that can restore gut microbiota and may help alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the effects of probiotic supplementation on chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal side effects in children with acute leukemia (AL).

Newborn screening for six lysosomal storage disorders in a cohort of Mexican patients: Three-year findings from a screening program in a closed Mexican health system.

Objective: To evaluate the results of a lysosomal newborn screening (NBS) program in a cohort of 20,018 Mexican patients over the course of 3years in a closed Mexican Health System (Petróleos Mexicanos [PEMEX] Health Services).

Study Design: Using dried blood spots (DBS), we performed a multiplex tandem mass spectrometry enzymatic assay for six lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) including Pompe disease, Fabry disease, Gaucher disease, mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I), Niemann-Pick type A/B, and Krabbe disease. Screen-positive cases were confirmed using leukocyte enzymatic activity and DNA molecular analysis.

Serum concentrations of apoptosis-associated molecules in septic children with leukemia, neutropenia and fever.

It has been shown that Fas, Fas-L, TNF and TNFR-1 display high serum concentrations in subjects with sepsis. This suggests that these are potential severity markers. However, the serum concentration of these molecules in children with leukemia and suspected sepsis has to be established before proposing their use as diagnostic biomarkers.

Evaluation of the Light-Cycler® SeptiFast Test in Newborns With Suspicion of Nosocomial Sepsis.

Background: Nosocomial sepsis (NS) in newborns (NBs) is associated with high mortality rates and low microbial recovery rates. To overcome the latter problem, new techniques in molecular biology are being used.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of SeptiFast test for the diagnosis of nosocomial sepsis in the newborn.

Gastric wall perforation secondary to presumed aspergillosis in a pediatric patient with aplastic anemia: A case report.

Aspergillosis is an opportunistic fungal infection that may develop in immunocompromised patients with conditions such as leukemia or aplastic anemia. A rare case of stomach perforation following acute fungal gastritis in a 13-year-old female patient with aplastic anemia is reported herein. The patient had developed aplastic anemia without bone marrow fibrosis secondary to acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chemotherapy.

[Sepsis in children with cancer: problems to detect it and challenges for diminishing it].

Since 1992 the availability of the criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) has improved the identification of subjects with sepsis. Sepsis remains a major hospital complication worldwide, responsible for thousands of deaths in children with cancer. Different biomarkers have been proposed for discrimination of septic child, who is not, but its introduction and routine use in control programs and surveillance has not been possible so far.

[Procalcitonin as a diagnostic biomarker of sepsis in children with cancer, fever and neutropenia: literature review].

Among cancer and septic patients, there is a deregulation of common events such as inflammation. This fact limits the use of biomarkers to diagnose sepsis. Through a search in the PubMed database, we identified the clinical studies that evaluated procalcitonin as a biomarker among children with cancer and sepsis; we analyzed its characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

Antibiotic use before chemotherapy: a risk factor for developing neutropenic colitis in children with leukemia.

Background: It has been shown that the use of antimicrobials is a determinant that favors intestinal dysbiosis. The objective of this study is to establish the association between the previous use of antimicrobials and the development of neutropenic colitis (NC).

Methods: A case-control study was carried out with subjects diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia from 2004 to July 2013.

[Diarrheal disease caused by rotavirus in epidemic outbreaks].

Objective: Determine the epidemiological profile of outbreaks of acute diarrheal disease caused by rotavirus (RV) occurring in pediatric patients, based on a critical review of the literature published between 2000 and 2010.

Methods: A search was carried out for articles published from January 2000 to April 2010, collected by the Artemisa, EBSCO, Embase, Imbiomed, Lilacs, Ovid, PubMed, and Science Direct databases. In the studies that met the inclusion criteria, possible confounding factors were identified and risks of bias were attributed based on the number of items considered inadequate in each case.

[Immunization with monovalent oral vaccine against rotavirus in Mexico. Evaluation of the data of two years of the system of temporarily adverse event reports associated to vaccination (ETAV)].

Background: The gastrointestinal manifestations are the adverse events mainly studied to the application of the vaccine against rotavirus.

Material And Methods: In order subsequent to consider the risk of associated events taken care of the vaccination against rotavirus in infants, we realized a retrospective study of 2 years, evaluating 7,691,757 distributed doses of oral vaccine, in 2008 and 2009.

Results: The risk considered of an event associated after the application of the oral vaccine against rotavirus is of 2.

Congenital syphilis, a reemergent disease in Mexico: its epidemiology during the last 2 decades.

Objective: To describe the epidemiologic profile of congenital syphilis in Mexico between 1990 and 2009.

Methods: The database of the General Direction of Epidemiology at the Ministry of Health in Mexico about congenital syphilis was reviewed. Data corresponding to the period between 1990 and 2009 were analyzed in every state of the Mexican republic.

Monovalent rotavirus vaccine provides protection against an emerging fully heterotypic G9P[4] rotavirus strain in Mexico.

After the introduction of monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1) in Mexico in 2006-2007, diarrhea mortality and morbidity declined substantially among Mexican children under 5 years of age. In January 2010, surveillance identified the emergence of a novel G9P[4] rotavirus strain nationwide. We conducted a case-control study to assess the field effectiveness of RV1 against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis caused by this unusual strain and to determine whether the G9P[4] emergence was related to vaccine failure or failure to vaccinate.

[Maternal chemoprophylaxis against group B Streptococcus colonization. The consequences of not adopting the international recommendation].

Objective: To know the criteria which determine the chemoprophylaxis on pregnant women colonized by Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) and the impact in our environment.

Material And Methods: A retrospective analysis, identifying pregnant women with isolation of Streptococcus agalactiae on screening cultures, cervical swabs and urine culture. Two groups were analyzed, group 1 received chemoprophylaxis, and group 2 without chemoprophylaxis.

[Maternal B group Streptococcus colonization in Mexico: prevalence based on literature review].

Objective: To identify the prevalence of colonization of mexican pregnant women with Group B streptococci, based on a mexican literature review.

Methods: Trials of prevalence for Group B Streptococci colonization in mexican pregnant women were indentified using a MEDLINE, Artemisa, LILACS and Imbiomed search. Studies were elected only if in the result considered prevalence of Group B Streptococci colonization.

[Staphylococcus haemolyticus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin isolated from a patient with neonatal meningitis in a Mexican medical facility].

Reduced susceptibility to vancomycin has been reported among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus in previous studies. The present study describes a heteroresistant Staphylococci strain from the cerebrospinal fluid of a 17 day-old premature male infant with neonatal meningitis. Screening was done for 44 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci using Wong 's techniques (Disk-agar method with vancomycin-salt agar to demonstrate satellitism around an aztreonam disk).