Identification of mycotoxins in yogurt samples using an optimized QuEChERS extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS detection.

Yogurt, a milk-derived product, is susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. While various methods have been developed for the analysis of dairy products, only a few have been specifically validated for yogurt. In addition, these methods are primarily focus on detecting aflatoxins and zearalenone.

Magnetic nanostructured agents for the mitigation of mycotoxins and cyanotoxins in the food chain.

Natural toxins, such as mycotoxins and cyanotoxins, can contaminate food and feed, leading to toxicity in humans and animals. This study focused on using nine magnetic nanostructured agents to remove the main types of toxins. Initially, the efficacy of these materials was evaluated in water solutions, revealing that composites with sizes below 3 mm, containing magnetite, activated carbon, esterified pectin, and sodium alginate, removed up to 90% of mycotoxins and cyanotoxins with an adsorption of 873 ng/g.

Application of a multi-toxin detect method to analyze mycotoxins occurrence in plant-based beverages.

In recent years, plant-based beverages have gained popularity on the market due to environmental and ethical concerns, as well as milk intolerances and allergies. However, raw materials employed in the manufacture of these products are susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. For this reason, a new method based on a QuEChERS extraction procedure followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) detection was developed for the analysis of 29 mycotoxins in oat, rice, soy, and almond beverages.

Proteomic and toxicological analysis of the response of dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella to changes in NaNO concentration.

Dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium cause Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in coastal waters worldwide, damaging marine environments, aquaculture, and human health. They synthesize potent neurotoxic alkaloids known as PSTs (i.e.

Interlaboratory Evaluation of Multiple LC-MS/MS Methods and a Commercial ELISA Method for Determination of Tetrodotoxin in Oysters and Mussels.

Background: Given the recent detection of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in bivalve molluscs but the absence of a full collaborative validation study for TTX determination in a large number of shellfish samples, interlaboratory assessment of method performance was required to better understand current capabilities for accurate and reproducible TTX quantitation using chemical and immunoassay methods.

Objective: The aim was to conduct an interlaboratory study with multiple laboratories, using results to assess method performance and acceptability of different TTX testing methods.

Methods: Homogenous and stable mussel and oyster materials were assessed by participants using a range of published and in-house detection methods to determine mean TTX concentrations.

Detection of mycotoxins in cheese using an optimized analytical method based on a QuEChERS extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS quantification.

Mycotoxins can produce toxic effects on humans; hence, it is of high importance to determine their presence in food products. This work presents a reliable method for the quantification of 32 mycotoxins in cheese. The analysis procedure was optimized based on a QuEChERS extraction process and the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) detection.

Extracellular cyclophilins A and C induce dysfunction of pancreatic microendothelial cells.

Extracellular cyclophilins (eCyps) A and B are chemotactic mediators in several illnesses in which inflammation plays an important role such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, eCypC has been reported as a potential biomarker for coronary artery disease but its effect in endothelium has not been determined. Moreover, there is a lack of studies with all these proteins in the same model, which makes difficult a direct comparison of their effects.

NeuroTorp, a lateral flow test based on toxin-receptor affinity for in-situ early detection of cyclic imine toxins.

The emergent cyclic imine toxins produced by marine dinoflagellates are potent antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Shellfish accumulate cyclic imine toxins following filter-feeding on toxic dinoflagellates vectoring them to humans. Herein is presented a lateral flow test for the detection of cyclic imine toxins based on three new concepts for test strips: i) the immobilization of lipoprotein vesicles in the test-line, ii) the high affinity of neurotoxins for their receptor targets and iii) the use of high porosity glass fiber filter membranes as support for the fabrication of the lateral flow test NeuroTorp (WO2017108115).

Occurrence of mycotoxins and mycotoxigenic fungi in silage from the north of Portugal at feed-out.

Maize and grass silages are important dietary components for ruminant livestock that influence the quality of animal products for human consumption, such as milk, in many parts of the world. Infection of plants by fungi able to produce mycotoxins, either in the field or post-harvest, can result in a decrease of silage nutritional quality and, consequently, in milk quality. In this study, 45 maize and grass silage samples were collected from 25 dairy farms located in the north of Portugal.

Multianalyte method for the determination of regulated, emerging and modified mycotoxins in milk: QuEChERS extraction followed by UHPLC-MS/MS analysis.

A simple method for the quantification of 40 mycotoxins in milk was developed. This method is based on a QuEChERS extraction followed by the ultra-high liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) detection, and allows the simultaneous analysis of regulated, emerging, and modified mycotoxins. A sample treatment procedure was optimized to include a concentration step for the analysis of some compounds such as aflatoxin M.

Magnetic nanostructures for marine and freshwater toxins removal.

Marine and freshwater toxins contaminate water resources, shellfish and aquaculture products, causing a broad range of toxic effects in humans and animals. Different core-shell nanoparticles were tested as a new sorbent for removing marine and freshwater toxins from liquid media. Water solutions were contaminated with 20 μg/L of marine toxins and up to 50 μg/L of freshwater toxins and subsequently treated with 250 or 125 mg/L of nanoparticles.

Detoxification agents based on magnetic nanostructured particles as a novel strategy for mycotoxin mitigation in food.

Mycotoxins are toxic compounds that can be present in feed, food and beverages. In this work, 25 magnetic nanostructured materials were developed to remove the main types of mycotoxins from liquid food matrices. The efficiency for binding mycotoxins from contaminated aqueous solutions was studied.

A QuEChERS based extraction procedure coupled to UPLC-MS/MS detection for mycotoxins analysis in beer.

A new method based on a QuEChERS extraction followed by the ultra-high liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) detection has been developed for the analysis of mycotoxin in beer. The method allows the identification and quantification of 23 mycotoxins with different chemical characteristic including regulated, emerging and masked compounds. A sample treatment procedure involving a QuEChERS extraction and dispersive solid-phase clean-up steps was applied.

First report of Fusarium foetens as a mycotoxin producer.

Fusarium foetens, a pathogen of Begonia plants, has been recently described as a new fungal species. This Fusarium species causes a destructive vascular wilt disease which leads to the death of the plant. Moreover, Fusarium species are known to produce a huge variety of secondary metabolites such as mycotoxins and phytotoxins.

A single run UPLC-MS/MS method for detection of all EU-regulated marine toxins.

A UPLC-MS/MS method has been developed for identification and quantification of hydrophilic and lipophilic marine toxins. The method included the determination of 14 toxins of STX group, 15 lipophilic toxins, 15 toxins of the TTX group and DA. LODs and LOQs for STX group were significantly improved in comparison to the official validated methods and at the same level than other UPLC-MS/MS published methods.

Detection of new emerging type-A trichothecenes by untargeted mass spectrometry.

Mycotoxins occur naturally as agricultural contaminants all over the world. The toxic effects of some of their metabolites are known and their presence regulated in food and feed. This paper describes two methods for the detection of toxins of type-A trichothecenes group, and their modified forms, using mass spectrometry.