Direct determination of Al and Pb in waste printed circuit boards (PCB) by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS): Evaluation of calibration strategies and economic - environmental questions.

Matrix-matching calibration (MMC), two-point calibration transfer (TP CT), one-point and multi-line calibration (OP MLC), single-sample calibration (SSC) and calibration free (CF) were evaluated in order to overcome matrix effects in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). These calibration strategies were evaluated for direct determination of Al and Pb in waste printed circuit boards (PCB) using direct solids analysis by LIBS. Each strategy has limitations and advantages of its implementation, for the correction of matrix effects, so that it allows elementary determination with adequate accuracy.

Multiple response optimization of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy parameters for multi-element analysis of soil samples.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an emerging analytical technique to perform elemental analysis in natural samples independent of their physical state (solid, liquid, or gaseous). Due to its instrumental features, LIBS shows promising potential to perform analysis in situ and in environments at risk. Since the analytical performance of LIBS strongly depends on the choice of experimental conditions, each particular application needs a specific instrumental adjustment.

Removal of chromium (III) by using coal as adsorbent.

The adsorption of Cr(III) by two different coal varieties from Lakhra and Thar coalfields (Pakistan) have been studied in batch mode. The effect of adsorbent dose, pH, contact time and agitation speed on the adsorption of Cr(III) by both the coals were investigated. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved in 40-50 min.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for quantitative spectrochemical analysis of geological materials: effects of the matrix and simultaneous determination.

A microscopic laser-induced breakdown spectrometer was used to evaluate the analytical matrix effect commonly observed in the analysis of geological materials. Samples were analyzed in either the powder or pressed pellet forms. Calibration curves of a number of iron and aluminum compounds showed a linear relationship between the elemental concentration and peak intensity.