Recent advances in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension: lessons from the upfront combination of ambrisentan and tadalafil.

Introduction: The sixth World Symposium of Pulmonary Hypertension (sixth WSPH) brought to the forefront for the first time the value of earlier, aggressive management with an upfront oral combination in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) of low or intermediate risk. This was prompted by results from the AMBITION study (ambrisentan + tadalafil). A literature search was conducted to collect all evidence provided by upfront treatment with this combination, as well as other combinations under investigation at the time the manuscript was prepared.

Medical resource use, disturbance of daily life and burden of hypoglycemia in insulin-treated patients with diabetes: results from a European online survey.

Hypoglycemia is common in patients with diabetes, and any severe hypoglycemic event can increase the fear of future hypoglycemic events. To try to reduce hypoglycemic events, many patients with diabetes maintain their blood glucose levels with a 'safety margin' (i.e.