Quantitative Analysis of the Texas Music Educators Association (TMEA) All-State Choral Audition Music.

Introduction: Young voices experience a multitude of physiological and hormonal changes that can impact vocal production. Singing an ensemble voice part that demands more than an adolescent laryngeal structure can readily support may be detrimental to vocal health and enjoyment.

Objectives: This study analyzes the musical range, tessitura, cycle dose, short-term recovery dose, and time dose of choral selections for the popular and competitive Texas Music Educators Association (TMEA) All-State competition as a means of informing successful audition and rehearsal practices.

Nutritional intake and body composition changes in a UCI World Tour cycling team during the Tour of Spain.

The aim of this study was to quantify the food intake of an International Cyclist Union (UCI) World Tour professional cyclist team and to analyse changes in body composition during the Tour of Spain. Nine male professional road cyclists (31.3 ± 3.

Regulation of energy expenditure during prolonged athletic competition.

Background: Athletic competitions, such as the Tour de France, demand both momentary bursts of very high power output and the ability to provide high levels of energy expenditure for several weeks. As such, they provide a model of the ability for sustained muscular activity, which is important in terms of how humans are understood, not only as athletes, but also within an evolutionary context.

Methods: Laboratory correlated HR responses were made of elite professional cyclists (N=7) during successive competitions in one of the three grand tours in cycling in successive years, with the intent of evaluating the magnitude and pattern of energy expenditure.

Tour de France versus Vuelta a España: which is harder?

Purpose: To compare the total exercise loads (intensity x volume) of the Vuelta a España and Tour de France during the last year.

Methods: Seven professional road cyclists (28 +/- 1 yr; [OV0312]O(2max): 74.6 +/- 2.

Inverse relationship between VO2max and economy/efficiency in world-class cyclists.

Purpose: To determine the relationship that exists between VO2max and cycling economy/efficiency during intense, submaximal exercise in world-class road professional cyclists. METHODS Each of 11 male cyclists (26+/-1 yr (mean +/- SEM); VO2max: 72.0 +/- 1.

Curvilinear VO(2):power output relationship in a ramp test in professional cyclists: possible association with blood hemoglobin concentration.

The purpose of this study was to determine (1) if there exists an additional, nonlinear increase (DeltaVO(2)) in the oxygen uptake observed (VO2 (obs)) at the maximal power output reached during a ramp cycle ergometer test and that expected (VO2 (exp)) from the linear relationship between VO(2) and power output below the lactate threshold (LT) in professional riders, and (2) the relationship between DeltaVO(2) and possible explanatory mechanisms. Each of 12 professional cyclists (25 +/- 1 years; VO(2 max): 71.3 +/- 1.

Kinetics of VO(2) in professional cyclists.

Purpose: To analyze the kinetics of oxygen uptake (VO(2)) in professional road cyclists during a ramp cycle ergometer test and to compare the results with those derived from well-trained amateur cyclists.

Methods: Twelve professional cyclists (P group; 25 +/- 1 yr; maximal power output (W(max)), 508.3 +/- 9.