Teaching Urology to Undergraduates: A Prospective Survey of What General Practitioners Need to Know.

Background: Higher education training in Medicine has considerably evolved in recent years. One of its main goals has been to ensure the training of students as future adequately qualified general practitioners (GPs). Tools need to be developed to evaluate and improve the teaching of Urology at the undergraduate level.

The effects of tobacco consumption on paternity rates of adults with a history of cryptorchidism.

Objective: To determine the effect of tobacco consumption on paternity rates in men with a history of cryptorchidism. To compare the paternity rates between formerly unilateral, bilateral cryptorchid smokers, and nonsmokers.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 153 men who had undergone orchiopexy between 1961 and 1985 at the Miguel Servet University Hospital (116 unilateral and 37 bilateral) and a control group of 100 men were evaluated by review of medical records and a questionnaire.

Predicting long-term renal damage in children with vesicoureteral reflux under conservative initial management: 205 cases in a tertiary referral center.

Introduction: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is one of the most common ailments in children. Evidence-based guidelines recommend conservative treatment in children with VUR, followed by endoscopic surgery in those with breakthrough febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs). Despite this fact, the management of VUR is still controversial.

Impact of using an evidence-based clinical guideline for the management of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children.

Objetive: To analyze changes in the therapeutic approach at a tertiary care hospital following the implementation of a clinical guideline for the treatment of primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children.

Population And Methods: Retrospective study conducted in a cohort of patients with primary VUR (1989-2015) aged 0-15 years at a tertiary care hospital. The therapeutic approach before and after the development of the clinical guideline (2008) was compared.

[Long-term results of the endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux].

Objectives: To analize results and late complications in patients with vesicoureteral reflux, treated by endoscopic treatment and with several substances.

Methods: In a long bibliographic review we analize results, recurrences and late complications with this treatment using different substances.

Results/conclusions: In spite of the prescribed substance, VUR may recur several years after treatment.

[C677T and A1298C MTHFR polymorphisms in the etiology of neural tube defects in Spanish population].

Background And Objective: The etiology of neural tube defects (NTDs) is multifactorial. The presence of mutated genotypes of C677T and A1298C polymorphisms, and their combined heterozygosity, have been considered risk factors for the occurrence and recurrence of NTDs in some populations.

Subjects And Method: This case-control study included 159 healthy controls, 27 NTDs patients, 28 patients' mothers and 23 siblings.