Clustering of obesogenic behaviours amongst 140 052 South American adolescents: a harmonized meta-analysis of national health surveys.

Background: Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and diet synergically coexist (in different ways) within adolescents' lifestyles. Thus, understanding obesogenic behaviour patterns within populations is critical to promoting adolescents' health. This study investigates clustering patterns of adolescents' obesogenic behaviours across South American countries.

Evaluating Variational Quantum Eigensolver Approaches for Simplified Models of Molecular Systems: A Case Study on Protocatechuic Acid.

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid algorithm that combines quantum and classical computing to determine the ground-state energy of molecular systems. In this context, this study applies VQE to investigate the ground state of protocatechuic acid, analyzing its performance with various Ansatzes and active spaces. Subsequently, all VQE results were compared to those obtained with the CISD and FCI methods.

Effects of conditional cash transfers on tuberculosis incidence and mortality according to race, ethnicity and socioeconomic factors in the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort.

Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have been implemented globally to alleviate poverty. Although tuberculosis (TB) is closely linked to poverty, the effects of CCT on TB outcomes among populations facing social and economic vulnerabilities remain uncertain. Here we estimated the associations between participation in the world's largest CCT program, the Brazilian Bolsa Família Program (BFP), and the reduction of TB incidence, mortality and case-fatality rates using the nationwide 100 Million Brazilian Cohort between 2004 and 2015.

Molecular Profiling Identifies CD49d and CD79b as Predictive Markers for Acquired Acalabrutinib Resistance in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Contemporary studies of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) resistance focus on mutations in the B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway, but alternative mechanisms of resistance remain undefined. Here, we sought to identify novel predictive markers of acquired resistance to acalabrutinib, a second-generation BTKi, in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Clinical samples from 41 patients with relapsed/refractory or treatment-naive CLL receiving acalabrutinib as part of a clinical trial (NCT02029443) were divided into two groups: those who continued to respond to treatment (NP, n = 23) and those who developed progressive disease on acalabrutinib therapy (PD, n = 18).

Disseminated sporotrichosis with osteoarticular involvement in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a case report.

Sporotrichosis is caused by fungi belonging to the genus Sporothrix, and is generally acquired by traumatic inoculation. A 26-year-old man developed pustular lesions and a 6-kg weight loss after developing a lesion on his right hand 6 months previously. He was diagnosed with acquired human immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and disseminated sporotrichosis cultures of bone and muscle biopsy and blood samples grew Sporothrix schenckii.

First report of Penicillium brevicompactum causing disease in Pleurotus ostreatus.

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is the second most produced mushroom globally, but increased production is linked to new diseases. This study reports the first occurrence of Penicillium brevicompactum on P. ostreatus mushrooms.

[Permanent health education for managers as a tool to combat institutional racism in a Northeastern Brazilian municipality].

This article discusses the experience of a permanent health education initiative focused on institutional racism with health professionals from the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) holding management positions in a municipality in the interior of Bahia, in Northeastern Brazil. A workshop was held in September 2022, based on a problematizing methodology called the Maguerez Arc, conducted by residents of the Multiprofessional Family Health Program. Ten managers participated in the workshop, most of whom were women.

Evaluation of interventions led by pharmacists in antimicrobial stewardship programs in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review.

Objective: We performed a systematic literature review to identify and describe pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Design: Systematic literature review.

Methods: We searched PubMed for studies evaluating pharmacist-led ASP interventions in LMICs from January 1, 2012, to November 4, 2023.

Association Between Participation in Physical Education Classes and Physical Activity Among 284,820 Adolescents: A Progressive Exposure Gradient Analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the associations between participation in physical education (PE) classes and days with ≥60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) using different reference categories for participation in PE.

Methods: We used self-reported data from 284,820 adolescents.

Results: When no participation in PE was the reference, participation on 1 (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.

A single-center retrospective review of metastatic prostate cancer on PSMA position emission tomography/computed tomography: Beyond lymph nodes and bones.

Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has become a crucial imaging modality for the staging of patients with prostate cancer. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively determine the frequency, anatomical distribution, and clinical-pathologic correlates of extra-nodal and extra-osseous metastatic prostate cancer detected on PSMA PET/CT.

Methods: All available 650 PSMA PET/CT performed in patients with biopsy-proved prostate cancer in our institution between September 2021 and December 2023 were reviewed for the presence of extra-nodal and extra-osseous metastatic disease (M1C disease).

Improving the extraction yield of essential oil from Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. using Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004 enzyme blend.

The objective of this work was to optimize the application of an enzymatic blend produced by Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004 on the Pimenta dioica fruits for essential oil extraction. The enzyme blend was obtained from the fermentation of cocoa bean shells, an agro-industrial residue. The effects of the enzymatic pre-treatment on the extraction yield, the chemical composition of the oil through gas chromatography, and the fruit structure through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were assessed.

The impact of primary health care on AIDS incidence and mortality: A cohort study of 3.4 million Brazilians.

Background: Primary Health Care (PHC) is essential for effective, efficient, and more equitable health systems for all people, including those living with HIV/AIDS. This study evaluated the impact of the exposure to one of the largest community-based PHC programs in the world, the Brazilian Family Health Strategy (FHS), on AIDS incidence and mortality.

Methods And Findings: A retrospective cohort study carried out in Brazil from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2015.

The intersecting effects of race, wealth, and education on AIDS incidence, mortality, and case-fatality rate: a Brazilian cohort study of 28.3 million individuals.

The relationships between race, education, wealth, their intersections and AIDS morbidity/mortality were analyzed in retrospective cohort of 28.3 million individuals followed for 9 years (2007-2015). Together with several sensitivity analyses, a wide range of interactions on additive and multiplicative scales were estimated.

Mutational profile in previously treated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia progression on acalabrutinib or ibrutinib.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) progression during Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor treatment is typically characterized by emergent B-cell receptor pathway mutations. Using peripheral blood samples from patients with relapsed/refractory CLL in ELEVATE-RR (NCT02477696; median 2 prior therapies), we report clonal evolution data for patients progressing on acalabrutinib or ibrutinib (median follow-up, 41 months). Paired (baseline and progression) samples were available for 47 (excluding 1 Richter) acalabrutinib-treated and 30 (excluding 6 Richter) ibrutinib-treated patients.

The effect of conditional cash transfers on tuberculosis incidence and mortality is determined by ethnoracial and socioeconomic factors: a cohort study of 54 million individuals in Brazil.

Background: Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT) are the world's most widely implemented interventions for poverty alleviation. Still, there is no solid evidence of the CCT effects on the reduction of the burden of Tuberculosis (TB) in marginalized and extremely vulnerable populations. We estimated the effect of the (BFP), the largest CCT in the world, on TB incidence, mortality, and case-fatality rate using a nationwide cohort of 54.

Major determinants of primary non function from kidney donation after Maastricht II circulatory death: A single center experience.

Purpose: Organ shortage greatly limits treatment of patients with end-stage chronic kidney. Maastricht type 2 donation after circulatory death (DCD) has been shown to have similar results in long term outcomes in kidney transplantation, when compared with brain dead donation. Our main goal was to assess Maastricht type 2 DCD and evaluate factors that impact on early graft function.

A pilot study investigating severe community-acquired febrile illness through implementation of an innovative microbiological and nucleic acid amplification testing strategy in Timor-Leste (ISIN-MANAS-TL).

Objectives: Acute febrile illness (AFI) causes significant health-seeking, morbidity, and mortality in Southeast Asia. This pilot study aimed to describe presentation, etiology, treatment, and outcomes of patients with AFI at one hospital in Timor-Leste and assessing the feasibility of conducting larger studies in this setting.

Methods: Patients attending Hospital Nacional Guido Valadares with tympanic or axillary temperature ≥37.

Effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment on maternal-fetal hemodynamics in third trimester pregnant women: A prospective study.

Objective: To evaluate the maternal-fetal hemodynamic effects after osteopathic manipulative treatment by measuring vital signs and Doppler velocimetry in third-trimester pregnant women.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective study with pregnant women undergoing outpatient follow-up and hospitalized in a ward at Instituto Fernandes Figueira/Fiocruz, between August 2021 to August 2022, during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This study was registered in REBEC under Register Number RBR-9q7kvg and approved by the ethics committee under number 32216620.