Repeated toluene inhalation in male and female adolescent rats induces persistent drug preference and impairs cognitive and social behavior.

Rationale: Adolescent inhalant use is an understudied and undertreated disorder, particularly in females. Chronic exposure to inhalants, like toluene, can have long-lasting effects on behavior. However, most animal studies lack the incorporation of both sexes and do not focus on the abstinence period.

The COVID-19 pandemic's effects on mental and psychosocial health in the Philippines: A scoping review.

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remained at elevated risk for the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic because of persistent stressors to their health systems. Simultaneously facing high infection rates, strict containment measures and natural disasters, the Philippines provides important grounds for health research in LMICs. This review examined how the COVID-19 pandemic affected mental and psychosocial health in the Philippines.

Cryptosporidium infection causes undernutrition and, conversely, weanling undernutrition intensifies infection.

Cryptosporidium parvum is a leading pathogen in children in developing countries. To investigate whether early postnatal malnutrition leads to heavier C. parvum infections, we assessed intestinal adaptation and parasite load in suckling mice during the first 2 wk of life, analogous to the first postnatal yr in humans.

Detection of epithelial-cell injury, and quantification of infection, in the HCT-8 organoid model of cryptosporidiosis.

Background: Intestinal cells grown in microgravity produce a three-dimensional tissue assembly, or "organoid," similar to the human intestinal mucosa, making it an ideal model for enteric infections such as cryptosporidiosis.

Methods: HCT-8 cells were grown in a reduced-gravity, low-shear, rotating-wall vessel (RWV) and were infected with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Routine and electron microscopy (EM), immunolabeling with fluorescein-labeled Vicia villosa lectin and phycoerythrin-labeled monoclonal antibody to a 15-kD surface-membrane protein, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using probes for 18s rRNA of C.