Placental pathology and perinatal risk during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Respiratory and immune changes during pregnancy can lead to viral infections. In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), clinical characteristics and perinatal risks are difficult to assess and are relatively unknown.

Objective: To review placental pathology in asymptomatic women with COVID-19, and to evaluate effects on perinatal outcomes.

[Early menarche as a risk factor of breast cancer].

Background: Most of the information in medical literature report diverse factors of breast cancer, which are related to the reproductive life of the woman. It is mentioned that menarche before the 12 years elevates the relative risk of this disease, in comparison with its appearance after the 13 years.

Objective: To determine if early menarche is a risk factor associated to breast cancer.

[Prevalence of postmenopausal simple ovarian cyst diagnosed by ultrasound].

Introduction: The high-resolution ultrasound has taken to discover small ovary cysts in postmenopausal asymptomatic women who in another situation would not been detected; these cysts frequently disappear spontaneously and rarely develop cancer; however, they are treated aggressively.

Objective: To know the prevalence, evolution and treatment of ovary simple cysts in the postmenopausal women in our department, since in our country there are not studies that had analyzed these data.

Material And Methods: We made a retrospective and descriptive study in the Service of Biology of the Human Reproduction of the Hospital Juarez de Mexico, in a four-year period (2000-2003) that included 1,010 postmenopausal women.

[Present usefulness of diagnostic tests in hyperandrogenism].

There are diagnostic tests that allow to differentiate feminine hyperandrogenism of tumorous, non-tumorous, ovarian, adrenal and peripheral origin. We made a review of the current available tests accordingly to a case of amenorrhea and hyperandrogenism. By means of the low-dose dexamethasone suppression and human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) stimulation test we confirmed a suprarenal participation.