The Position of the Nipple-Areola Complex in Breast Augmentation.

Background: There is some controversy regarding whether the nipple-areola complex (NAC) is elevated, remains stable, or is lowered in breast augmentation. There is a general belief that one can modulate its position depending on the implant chosen. In addition, many preoperative markings include elevating the arms to predict the final position of the NAC.

Safety and Efficacy of Deoxycholic Acid Injection for Hypogastric Fat Reduction: A Pilot Study.

Background: Although deoxycholic acid (DCA) has been proposed for use in other areas, it is used primarily for treating moderate-to-severe fat in the submental area.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of DCA for fat reduction in the hypogastric region.

Materials And Methods: A prospective, longitudinal, nonrandomized, open-label, interventional pilot study was performed.

Breast Augmentation Surgery: How Do We Do It? Results of a Joint Survey from European Association of Societies of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current perceptions, preferences, and practice of plastic surgeons in Europe regarding breast implant surgery after the controversy on macrotextured implants and BIA-ALCL and the voluntary recall of all biocell implants.

Methods: A survey comprising 15 questions about implant selection and postoperative routines associated with breast augmentation was sent to all society members of the EASAPS.

Results: Out of 1473 correspondents, 416 completed the survey with response rate being 28.

Effects of Silicone Implants on the Mammary Gland: Ultrasonographic and 3D Study.

Background: Breast implants may be responsible for secondary deformities produced by parenchymal atrophy. However, few studies in the literature have reported changes in breast tissue after augmentation surgery. In this study, the breast thickness of patients undergoing breast augmentation was monitored by ultrasound, and correlations with surface, volume and projection measurements were examined.

Nipple Shields in Transaxillary Breast Augmentation.

Background: Infection after breast augmentation occurs in 1.1% to 2.5% of patients.

Five-Year Outcomes of Breast Augmentation with Form-Stable Implants: Periareolar vs Transaxillary.

Background: Form-stable 410 implants have the potential advantage of maintaining their anatomic form thanks to the cohesiveness of the gel. Furthermore, Biocell texturing appears to maximize adhesion and to allow for implant immobility.

Objectives: To compare the rate of reoperations for transaxillary and periareolar approaches for breast augmentation.

Results from a pooled analysis of two European, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies of ATX-101 for the pharmacologic reduction of excess submental fat.

Background: The injectable adipocytolytic drug ATX-101 is the first nonsurgical treatment for the reduction of submental fat (SMF) to undergo comprehensive clinical evaluation. This study aimed to confirm the efficacy and safety of ATX-101 for SMF reduction through a post hoc pooled analysis of two large phase 3 studies.

Methods: Patients with unwanted SMF were randomized to receive 1 or 2 mg/cm(2) of ATX-101 or a placebo injected into their SMF during a maximum of four treatment sessions spaced approximately 28 days apart, with a 12-week follow-up period.

Ultrasonography: a useful tool for plastic surgeons.

Unlabelled: Ultrasonography is a diagnostic technique used in many clinical specialties that should also be used by plastic surgeons. The authors have used ultrasonography since 2011 as part of the routine follow-up evaluation for all their patients who have undergone breast augmentation (the main indication), body implants, gynecomastia, fat transfer, or abdominoplasty. The main goal of this study was to correlate normal and pathologic conditions clinically with their respective imaging findings.

Columella reconstruction using a free flap from the first web space of the foot.

Nasal columella defects can result in significant cosmetic and functional deformities. If a local flap transfer cannot be performed, columella reconstruction becomes a significant challenge for the surgeon. The columella of a healthy 30-year-old woman whose nose was scarred and contracted because of cocaine abuse, was successfully reconstructed by transferring a microvascular free flap from the first web space of the foot.

Assessment of a suction-assisted cartilage shaver plus liposuction for the treatment of gynecomastia.

Background: The development of feminized breasts in men may cause significant emotional distress and embarrassment, particularly in young men and adolescents. Numerous techniques have been described for the correction of gynecomastia, many of which include the removal of fat and glandular tissue.

Objective: The authors assess the utility of combining vibroliposuction with the use of a power-assisted arthroscopic-endoscopic cartilage shaver to correct gynecomastia and suggest a treatment algorithm for patients with gynecomastia.

Multislice computed tomography angiography of the fourth dorsal interosseous space in cadavers.

Purpose: To study computed tomography angiography (CTA) findings and compare anatomic correlation of the 4th dorsal metacarpal spaces and to determine the role of this technique for anatomic studies and flap design.

Methods: Hands from 17 cadavers were injected with a radiopaque mixture. The specimens were imaged using 16-detector-row computed tomography.

Assessing the long-term viability of facial fat grafts: an objective measure using computed tomography.

Background: Autologous fat transplantation for soft tissue augmentation is a commonly used technique without a universally accepted approach. The literature includes a variety of reports describing varying degrees of success or failure.

Objective: To evaluate the behavior of facial fat grafts in humans with the use of an objective measuring tool.

Waterproof camera case for intraoperative photographs.

Accurate photographic documentation has become essential in reconstructive and cosmetic surgery for both clinical and scientific purposes. Intraoperative photographs are important not only for record purposes, but also for teaching, publications, and presentations. Communication using images proves to be the superior way to persuade audiences.

Cutaneous perforators of the fourth dorsal interosseous space: anatomic study.

Purpose: Many investigators have studied the vascular anatomy of the dorsal metacarpal arteries but little attention has been paid to the exact distribution of the cutaneous perforators of the dorsum of the hand. We present an anatomic study of the cutaneous perforators within the fourth dorsal interosseous space, which was supposed to have the most inconsistent vascular anatomy.

Methods: Twenty hands were dissected after black latex injection.

Endoscopic breast reconstruction with intraoperative complete tissue expansion and partial detachment of the pectoralis muscle.

We present the surgical technique for mammary reconstruction using tissue expander with endoscopic approach, associated to partial detachment of the pectoralis muscle at the fourth rib and complete or nearly complete intraoperative expansion. Tissue expansion for breast reconstruction is a well-honored technique that provides satisfying esthetic outcomes, with minimal morbidity for the patient. Nevertheless, this technique has some potential problems: (1) wound dehiscence with extrusion of the expander; (2) the patient discomfort during the expansion process (weekly visits for the refill of the expander); (3) the poor definition of the lower pole of the breast and cranial migration of the expander with excessive roundness of the upper pole.