Plant- and Animal-Derived Dietary Sources of Phosphatidylcholine Have Differential Effects on Immune Function in The Context of A High-Fat Diet in Male Wistar Rats.

Background: Phosphatidylcholine (PC) derived from eggs has been shown to beneficially modulate T cell response and intestinal permeability under the context of a high-fat diet.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine whether there is a differential effect of plant and animal-derived sources of PC on immune function.

Methods: Four-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to consume 1 of 4 diets (n = 10/group) for 12 wk, all containing 1.

Corrigendum: Egg-phosphatidylcholine attenuates T-cell dysfunction in high-fat diet fed male Wistar rats.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.

A Physiologically Relevant Dose of 50% Egg-Phosphatidylcholine Is Sufficient in Improving Gut Permeability while Attenuating Immune Cell Dysfunction Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Male Wistar Rats.

Background: Obesity is associated with increased intestinal permeability and a diminished immune response. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), a form of choline found in eggs, has been shown to beneficially modulate T-cell response in the context of obesity when provided as the sole form of choline in the diet.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the impact of varying doses of PC as part of a high-fat diet (HFD) on immune cell function and intestinal permeability.

The Lipid-Soluble Forms of Choline Enhance Ex Vivo Responses from the Gut-Associated Immune System in Young Female Rat Offspring.

Background: In humans, the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) occurs in the first years of life and can be influenced by diet.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary choline on the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).

Methods: Three feeding trials were conducted in female Sprague-Dawley rats.

Egg-Phosphatidylcholine Attenuates T-Cell Dysfunction in High-Fat Diet Fed Male Wistar Rats.

Obesity is associated with immune dysfunction including an impaired T-cell function characterized by a lower IL-2 (proliferation marker) production after stimulation. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), a form of choline mostly found in eggs, has been shown to beneficially modulate T-cell responses during the lactation period by increasing the production of IL-2. To determine the impact of egg-PC as part of a high-fat diet on immune function we randomly fed male Wistar rats one of three diets containing the same amount of total choline but differing in the form of choline: 1-Control low fat [CLF, 10% wt/wt fat, 100% free choline (FC)]; 2- Control high-fat (CHF, 25% wt/wt fat, 100% FC); 3- PC high-fat (PCHF, 25% wt/wt, 100% PC).

Sex Differences Distinctly Impact High-Fat Diet-Induced Immune Dysfunction in Wistar Rats.

Background: Immune function is altered during obesity. Moreover, males and females across different species demonstrate distinct susceptibility to several diseases. However, less is known regarding the interplay between high-fat diet (HFD) and sex in the context of immune function.

Dietary phosphatidylcholine supplementation reduces atherosclerosis in Ldlr male mice.

Choline is an essential nutrient required for various biological processes. Eggs, dairy, and meat are rich in phosphatidylcholine (PC), whereas cereal and legumes are rich in free choline. Excess dietary choline leads to increase plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO).

Buttermilk: an important source of lipid soluble forms of choline that influences the immune system development in Sprague-Dawley rat offspring.

Purpose: To determine the effect of feeding buttermilk-derived choline metabolites on the immune system development in Sprague-Dawley rat pups.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley dams were randomized to one of the three diets containing 1.7 g/kg choline: 1-Control (100% free choline (FC)), 2-Buttermilk (BM, 37% phosphatidylcholine (PC), 34% sphingomyelin (SM), 17% glycerophosphocholine (GPC), 7% FC, 5% phosphocholine), and 3-Placebo (PB, 50% PC, 25% FC, 25% GPC) until the end of the lactation period.

Feeding Buttermilk-Derived Choline Forms During Gestation and Lactation Modulates Ex Vivo T-Cell Response in Rat Dams.

Background: Buttermilk contains a mixture of choline forms; it is high in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM), which could have an impact on immune system development and function.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the effect of feeding buttermilk-derived choline forms during pregnancy and lactation on maternal immune function.

Methods: Sprague Dawley dams (n = 8 per diet) were randomly assigned midway through pregnancy (10 d of gestation) to 1 of 3 experimental diets, containing 1.