Cardiometabolic factors and vitamin D deficiency in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Up to 80% of patients with CKD may exhibit inadequate vitamin D (VD) levels, which have been linked to the presence of cardiometabolic factors (CFs) in the adult population. However, research on this association in the pediatric population is limited.

Factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in health care workers exposed to SARS-CoV-2: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Globally, up to 76.6% of the population may be affected by vitamin D (VD) deficiency, which has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. This underscores the importance of further research into VD supplementation, particularly for health care workers, who are at higher risk due to indoor work environments and dietary challenges associated with shift schedules.

[Comparison of serum uric acid and liver enzyme levels in adolescents with obesity and with metabolic syndrome].

Introduction: a relationship has been observed between elevated levels of liver enzymes and uric acid with the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in the pediatric population. Objective: to compare serum liver enzyme and uric acid levels between adolescents with and without MS. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out in adolescents with obesity between 10 and 18 years old.

Vitamin D levels in the pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic periods in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease.

Introduction: Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is common in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) because of multiple factors. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it increased because of medicine shortage and no enough medical service for patients with non-COVID-19 diseases.

Objective: To analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic-related lockdown on the serum levels and status of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-[OH]D) in children with CKD.

[Correlation of uric acid with carotid intima media thickness in obese adolescents].

Introduction: obesity in the pediatric population is a public health problem. The correlation of uric acid and carotid intima media thickness in adults has been demonstrated. Objective: to identify the correlation of uric acid and carotid intima media thickness in adolescents with obesity.

Leptin/adiponectin ratio as a prognostic factor for increased weight gain in girls with central precocious puberty.

Objective: To determine if the leptin, adiponectin, and leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) can predict weight gain at the end of GnRH analogs (GnRHa) treatment in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP).

Material And Methods: Study design: prospective cohort. Serum levels of leptin and adiponectin were determined at diagnosis of CPP.

Adipokines as predictive factor of cardiac function in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Adipokines are associated with cardiovascular disease; in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients adipokines could be useful prognostic factors.

Objectives: To explore whether leptin and adiponectin in kidney replacement therapy (KRT) children could have a role on their cardiac function, in the long-term.

Design: Prospective cohort study was performed with pediatric KRT patients, aged 8 to 17 years who were undergoing hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.

Impact of an educational intervention on the knowledge of testicular self-examination and attitudes toward it.

Introduction: There is evidence that the percentage of adolescents that practice testicular self-examination is low.

Objective: To assess the short-term and long-term (6 months) impact in male adolescents of an educational intervention on the knowledge of testicular self-examination and attitude toward it.

Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test study in male adolescents.

The leptin/adiponectin ratio as prognostic marker for dyslipidemia during 1 year of follow-up in pediatric patients receiving kidney replacement therapy.

Background: leptin and adiponectin are associated with cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and could be useful prognostic factors. Objectives. to explore the usefulness of the leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) to predict the presence or worsening of dyslipidemia during 1 year of follow-up in children receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT).

[Usefulness of a nutritional strategy on dyslipidemia in pediatric patients with terminal chronic kidney disease].

Background and objective: in chronic kidney disease (CKD) there are several factors that increase the presence of dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to identify the usefulness of a nutritional intervention, in children with terminal CKD, on dyslipidemia 6 months after intervention start. Materials and methods: a quasi-experiment study (before and after) was performed.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D level is associated with mortality in patients with critical COVID-19: a prospective observational study in Mexico City.

Background/objectives: Considering the high number of deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Latin American countries, together with multiple factors that increase the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, we aimed to determine 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and its association with mortality in patients with critical COVID-19.

Subjects/methods: This was a prospective observational study including adult patients with critical COVID-19. Data, including clinical characteristics and 25(OH)D levels measured at the time of intensive care unit admission, were collected.

[Main biases in clinical research].

In developing a research protocol, authors must consider the possible errors that may occur throughout the study. In clinical research, two types of biases are recognized: random errors and systematic errors; the latter are called biases. To date, dozens of biases have been described, which is why the purpose of this article is to describe the main biases that can occur in clinical research studies, as well as strategies to avoid them or to minimize their effects.

Screening for COVID-19 in Children Undergoing Elective Invasive Procedures.

Objective: To report the frequency of asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric patients undergoing invasive medical procedures in a tertiary pediatric hospital.

Methods: From June to October 2020, a SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test was performed for all pediatric patients scheduled to undergo an elective invasive procedure. None of the patients was symptomatic.

[Thyroid dysfunction due to 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine in patients with neuroblastoma].

Introduction: The treatment of advanced neuroblastoma includes chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy with 131-I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine (131-I-MIBG). Despite strategies to protect thyroid function, its dysfunction is reported between 12 and 85%.

Objective: To identify the frequency of thyroid dys function in cases of neuroblastoma treated with 131-I-MIBG.

[From research to practice: clinical phases for drug development].

Clinical trials become very relevant in the development of new drugs when their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficiency, safety and possible adverse effects are being assessed. So new drugs are available for their daily use in patients, a model has been proposed for more than four decades; This model consists in the realization of sequential research studies, which were called clinical phases I, II, III and IV, which begin once the drugs' effects have been verified in cellular and animal models (preclinical phase). In this article, the general characteristics of each of the clinical phases are synthesized but, apart from that, the modifications that have been done over the years are described with the purpose of making new drugs available in a quicker way.

[Android/gynecoid ratio as a prognostic factor for dyslipidemia in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease].

Background: there are multiple factors that increase the presence of dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objective: to determine if the android/gynecoid ratio (A/GR) has utility as a cardiometabolic factor for dyslipidemia in pediatric patients with chronic renal failure. Materials and methods: cohort study.

[Factors related to the presence of hospital malnutrition in patients under five years old in a third level unit].

Objective: to identify the factors related to the presence of hospital malnutrition (HM) in patients under five years of age hospitalized in a third level care unit. Material and methods: cohort study. Patients under five years of age hospitalized were included.

[Research protocol VII. Validity and reliability of the measurements].

The concept of validity in research refers to what is true or what is close to the truth. It is considered that the results of an investigation will be valid when the study is free of errors. The errors or biases appear in the development of research, are due to methodological problems and, in general, can be grouped into three: selection bias, measurement bias and confusion bias.

[Experimental studies: research designs for the evaluation of interventions in clinical settings].

Experimental studies are used to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of therapeutic (pharmacological or surgical), preventive (such as vaccination or lifestyle changes) or educational interventions (e.g., workshops to improve quality and healthcare).

[Association of leptin with cardiometabolic factors in schoolchildren and adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia].

Introduction: In congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), obesity, hyperinsulinemia and leptin levels are increased.

Objective: To identify the frequency of cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) in children and adolescents with CAH and to explore the relationship with leptin levels.

Method: Cross-sectional study of 40 patients who underwent anthropometric measurements and had fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides, 17-hidroxyprogesterone, leptin, HDL and LDL-cholesterol assessed.

[Tolerance, safety and efficacy of the one-day preparation of PEG3350 + bisacodyl compared to 2 days of PEG3350 + bisacodyl in pediatric patients].

Background: Multiple intestinal preparations have been used in children undergoing colonoscopy, with variable limitation due to acceptance, tolerance, and proper cleaning. The objective of this study was to compare the tolerability, safety and efficacy of the colonoscopy preparation with 1 day with PEG 3350 (poliethylenglycol) (4g/kg/day) + bisacodyl compared to 2 days of preparation with PEG 3350 (2g/kg/day) + bisacodyl in pediatric patients.

Methods: A clinical, randomized, and blind trial was performed.

[Breastfeeding for acute pain control on infants: a randomized controlled trial].

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of breastfeeding (BF) for the management in acute pain after vaccination in infants under 6 months of age when compared to the milk substitute (MS) and not to apply any maneuver. Methods: A controlled, single-blind phase III clinical trial was conducted on infants under 6 months old to evaluate the effectiveness of BF in acute pain by vaccination. Divided in 3 groups: BF, milk substitutes (MS), and without applying any analgesic maneuver (control).

Influence of the informal primary caretaker on glycemic control among prepubertal pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: In prepubertal type 1 diabetic patients (DM1), the availability of an informal primary caregiver (ICP) is critical to making management decisions; in this study, the ICP-related risk factors associated with glycemic control were identified.

Patients, Materials, And Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was performed. Fifty-five patients with DM1 under the age of 11 years were included.

[Obesity in children and its relationship with chronic kidney disease].

In the last decades, obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have increased worldwide, in parallel. This article focuses on the current issues of obesity on renal damage, with special emphasis on what happens at pediatric ages. While obesity has been linked closely with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, reduced insulin sensitivity is a direct mechanism for renal damage.

[Pediatric patients with type 1-diabetes: growth and growth failure associated factors].

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) usually occurs in the pediatric age and affects the growth of children. The aim of this work was to describe growth and growth failure associated factors in a population of children with T1D in a tertiary level pediatric hospital.

Methods: A case-control nested in a cohort study was conducted.