Evaluation of dyspnea of unknown etiology in HIV patients with cardiopulmonary exercise testing and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.

Aim: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients commonly experience dyspnea for which an immediate cause may not be always apparent. In this prospective cohort study of HIV patients with exercise limitation, we use cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) coupled with exercise cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to elucidate etiologies of dyspnea.

Methods And Results: Thirty-four HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy with dyspnea and exercise limitation (49.

Transfusion practices for treatment of dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses: 542 cases (2001-2012).

Objective: To describe transfusion practices for treatment of dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 542 client-owned dogs.

Miniaturisation and simplification of solid-state proton activity sensors for non-aqueous media and ionic liquids.

This work is the further development of the previous pH (effective) sensor work where a biologically derived proton-active redox centre - riboflavin (RFN) - was entrapped into a vapour phase polymerised poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) film and ferrocene (Fc) dissolved in the sample solution was used as an internal reference redox couple. Here, we report a disposable solid state pH (effective) sensor where we successfully incorporated both RFN and Fc into a single solid state electrode. The electrodes were then used for pH (effective) sensing where water is not required.