Antipsychotic Drug-Induced Increases in Peripheral Catecholamines are Associated With Glucose Intolerance.

The second-generation antipsychotic drugs are widely used in the field of psychiatry, for an expanding number of different conditions. While their clinical efficacy remains indispensable, many of the drugs can cause severe metabolic side-effects, resulting in an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disorders. The physiological basis of these side-effects remains an ongoing area of investigation.

Efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole versus D antagonists in the early course of schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Early intervention is essential for favorable long-term outcomes in schizophrenia. However, there is limited guidance in the scientific literature on how best to choose between dopamine D receptor (DR) partial agonists and DR antagonists in early stages of schizophrenia. The aim of this meta-analysis was to directly compare DR partial agonists with DR antagonists for efficacy and tolerability, using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involved participants diagnosed with first-episode psychosis, schizophrenia, or related psychotic disorders with a duration of illness ≤5 years.

A ganglionic blocker and adrenoceptor ligands modify clozapine-induced insulin resistance.

Clozapine is a second generation antipsychotic drug that has proven to be helpful in the management of patients with psychotic disorders that are resistant to other medications. Unfortunately, the majority of patients treated with clozapine develop metabolic dysregulation, including weight gain and insulin resistance. There are few treatments available to effectively counter these side-effects.

A Focused Review of the Metabolic Side-Effects of Clozapine.

The second generation antipsychotic drug clozapine represents the most effective pharmacotherapy for treatment-resistant psychosis. It is also associated with low rates of extrapyramidal symptoms and hyperprolactinemia compared to other antipsychotic drugs. However, clozapine tends to be underutilized in clinical practice due to a number of disabling and serious side-effects.

A comparison of the metabolic side-effects of the second-generation antipsychotic drugs risperidone and paliperidone in animal models.

Background: The second generation antipsychotic drugs represent the most common form of pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia disorders. It is now well established that most of the second generation drugs cause metabolic side-effects. Risperidone and its active metabolite paliperidone (9-hydroxyrisperidone) are two commonly used antipsychotic drugs with moderate metabolic liability.

Differential Effects of Acute Treatment With Antipsychotic Drugs on Peripheral Catecholamines.

Antipsychotic drugs represent the most effective treatment for chronic psychotic disorders. The newer second generation drugs offer the advantage of fewer neurological side-effects compared to prior drugs, but many cause serious metabolic side-effects. The underlying physiology of these side-effects is not well-understood, but evidence exists to indicate that the sympathetic nervous system may play an important role.

Antipsychotic-Associated Symptoms of Tourette Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Background: Although antipsychotics are used to treat Tourette syndrome, there have been reports of paradoxical induction of tics by first- and second-generation antipsychotics.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to better characterize tics as the potential adverse effect of antipsychotics.

Methods: A literature search was performed, with no language restriction, using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases for all publications up to January 2018.

Clozapine-Induced Cardiovascular Side Effects and Autonomic Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.

Clozapine is the antipsychotic of choice for treatment-resistant schizophrenia and has minimal risk for extrapyramidal symptoms. Therapeutic benefits, however, are accompanied by a myriad of cardiometabolic side-effects. The specific reasons for clozapine's high propensity to cause adverse cardiometabolic events remain unknown, but it is believed that autonomic dysfunction may play a role in many of these.

An evaluation of the effects of the novel antipsychotic drug lurasidone on glucose tolerance and insulin resistance: a comparison with olanzapine.

Over the past two decades, there has been a notable rise in the use of antipsychotic drugs, as they are used to treat an increasing number of neuropsychiatric disorders. This rise has been led predominantly by greater use of the second generation antipsychotic (SGA) drugs, which have a low incidence of neurological side-effects. However, many SGAs cause metabolic dysregulation, including glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, thus increasing the risk of cardiometabolic disorders.

Project TwEATs. A feasibility study testing the use of automated text messaging to monitor appetite ratings in a free-living population.

There are no standardized methods for monitoring appetite in free-living populations. Fifteen participants tested a computer-automated text-messaging system designed to track hunger ratings over seven days. Participants were sent text-messages (SMS) hourly and instructed to reply during waking hours with their current hunger rating.