Nicotine effects on affective response in depression-prone smokers.

Rationale: Comorbidity between cigarette smoking and depression is thought to arise because depression-prone smokers self-administer nicotine to improve mood. Yet little evidence supports this view, and nicotine's effect on positive affect deficiency in depression remains largely unstudied.

Objectives: We hypothesized that (1) nicotine would dispel negative affect and enhance positive affect and (2) effects would be stronger for smokers vulnerable to depression, particularly during a depressed state.

Fluoxetine, smoking, and history of major depression: A randomized controlled trial.

The study was a randomized placebo-controlled trial testing whether fluoxetine selectively enhances cessation for smokers with a history of depression. Euthymic smokers with (H+, n = 109) or without (H-, n = 138) a history of major depression received 60 mg fluoxetine or placebo plus group behavioral quit-smoking treatment for 12 weeks. Fluoxetine initially enhanced cessation for H+ smokers (p = .

Influence of nicotine on positive affect in anhedonic smokers.

Rationale: The possibility that individuals administer nicotine to self-regulate persistent negative affect has received interest as a possible explanation for the high prevalence of affectively vulnerable smokers. Relatively overlooked, however, is the possibility that smokers might also self-administer nicotine to elevate low positive affect.

Objectives: This study examined whether nicotine administration augmented anhedonic smokers' positive affective response to a positive mood induction.

Effect of nicotine on negative affect among more impulsive smokers.

In the present study, the authors tested the hypothesis that nicotine would provide greater relief from negative affect for more impulsive smokers than for less impulsive smokers. Euthymic adult smokers (N=70) participated in 2 laboratory sessions, during which they underwent a negative mood induction (music + autobiographical memory), then smoked either a nicotinized or de-nicotinized cigarette. Mixed-effects regression yielded a significant Impulsivity x Condition (nicotinized vs.

Depression vulnerability within smoking research: How accurate are one-item screening items?

Epidemiological and large scale treatment studies within smoking research have utilized many one-item screening items to examine the influence of current depressive symptoms on smoking behavior and quitting. Little is known about that concurrent validity of screening items that may reflect depression vulnerability independent of current symptoms. The present paper evaluated the concurrent validity of two one-item screening items that were essential for diagnosing past episodes of major depression.

Sun protection motivational stages and behavior: skin cancer risk profiles.

Objective: To create skin cancer risk profiles that could be used to predict sun protection among Midwest beachgoers.

Method: Cluster analysis was used with study participants (N=239), who provided information about sun protection motivation and behavior, perceived risk, burn potential, and tan importance. Participants were clustered according to their risk profiles; 4 distinct risk profiles emerged.

The influence of personality and affect on nicotine dependence among male college students.

Many clinicians and researchers hypothesize that tobacco use disorders, regardless of the route of administration, are maintained by the ability of nicotine to regulate positive and negative mood states. The present study (N=137) examined whether certain mood states predicted dependence on either cigarettes or smokeless tobacco and whether specific personality characteristics (e.g.

Hedonic capacity, cigarette craving, and diminished positive mood.

Cigarette craving has been linked to elevated negative and positive moods, but a connection to deficient positive affect has not been studied. We tested whether a low hedonic capacity predicts a heightened urge to smoke after acute nicotine deprivation, and whether such an effect is mediated by decreased positive mood or increased negative mood. A total of 35 smokers characterized for individual differences in hedonic capacity were deprived of nicotine for 48 hr.

Influence of fluoxetine on positive and negative affect in a clinic-based smoking cessation trial.

Rationale: Fluoxetine improves affect in clinical syndromes such as depression and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Little is known about fluoxetine's influence on mood changes after quitting smoking, which often resemble sub-clinical depression.

Objectives: The present study, a re-analysis of previously published data (Niaura et al.