Reprint of: Impact of a pharmacist-driven COPD clinic on outcomes related to COPD in a federally qualified health center.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects many patients across the United States. Morbidity related to COPD can lead to increased financial strain to health care system. The United States is also shifting toward value-based payments, which rely on satisfying quality measures.

Clinical and Financial Outcomes of a Pilot Pharmacist-Led Continuous Glucose Monitoring Clinic.

What are the clinical and financial outcomes of patients using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) as part of a pilot pharmacist-led service in a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC)? This single-center, prospective cohort conducted in a FQHC from October 2022 to September 2023 was submitted to IRB for review [EXMT-P-22-F-17]. Patients were seen by a pharmacist in collaboration with an attending physician during diabetes specific visits. A total of 15 patients were seen in the pharmacist-led clinic (5 males and 10 females).

Impact of a pharmacist-driven COPD clinic on outcomes related to COPD in a federally qualified health center.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects many patients across the United States. Morbidity related to COPD can lead to increased financial strain to health care system. The United States is also shifting toward value-based payments, which rely on satisfying quality measures.

The impact of tirzepatide and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists on oral hormonal contraception.

Background: Tirzepatide is a dual glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist (RA) whose mechanism of action leads to a greater effect of gastric emptying (GE) than typical GLP-1 RAs. After the first dose of tirzepatide, GE is most substantially delayed. The drug then undergoes tachyphylaxis after subsequent doses.

Strategies for overcoming therapeutic inertia in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: To systematically investigate the effect of interventions to overcome therapeutic inertia on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: We electronically searched for randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies published between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2019 evaluating the effect of interventions on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) control. Characteristics of included studies and HbA1c difference between intervention and control arms (main outcome) were extracted.

Frontline perspective on credentialing and privileging of ambulatory care pharmacists.

Objectives: To present the current state of, and frontline advice on, the implementation of successful credentialing and privileging processes for practicing pharmacists in the United States.

Methods: The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) Section Advisory Group on Compensation and Practice Sustainability surveyed ambulatory care pharmacists via ASHP Connect about the status, structure and oversight of their ambulatory care clinical practice sites with credentialed and privileged (C&P) pharmacists.

Key Findings: Over 80% of survey respondents identified themselves as a C&P pharmacist, and over 90% indicated it is 'Important' or 'Very Important' for pharmacists to be C&P.

Use of cannabidiol in anxiety and anxiety-related disorders.

Objective: Cannabidiol (CBD) has a proposed novel role in the management of anxiety owing to its actions on the endocannabinoid system. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the current evidence on the safety and efficacy of CBD in anxiety and anxiety-related disorders.

Data Sources: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts from database inception through June 2019.

Impact of a Pharmacy-Led Transition of Care Service on Post-Discharge Medication Adherence.

This study assesses the effectiveness of a pharmacy-led transition of care (TOC) service on increasing patients' understanding of, and reported adherence to, medication post hospital discharge. A cross-sectional survey was administered to patients who were discharged from the hospital with at least one medication received via bedside delivery from the TOC service. Adherence was assessed by asking the patient if they had taken their discharge medications as instructed by the prescriber.

Opioid Prescribing Habits in a Family Medicine Residency Program for the Management of Non-Cancer Pain.

Objectives: 1. List components of the 2016 CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain, 2. Describe the prescribing habits of medical residents and attending physicians within a family medicine residency program, 3.

Students' Perceptions on a Business Plan Assignment for an Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Elective.

To evaluate a business-centered assignment implemented in a pharmacy elective course at two different institutions and analyze student perceptions of the delivery platforms used and the value and utility of the assignment. The ambulatory care electives at Butler University and Samford University introduce students to the expanding role of the ambulatory care pharmacist, emphasizing business plan development for new ambulatory care pharmacy services. As part of the elective, students are asked to work in groups to complete a business plan for a new ambulatory care service of their choosing.

Efficacy of Bifidobacterium Species in Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very-Low Birth Weight Infants. A Systematic Review.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common and serious gastrointestinal diseases in preterm infants. The aim of this systematic review examines the effects of probiotics on preventing NEC in very-low birth weight (VLBW) infants with a focus on the Bifidobacterium species and its strains. A systematic review of randomized trials and retrospective studies analyzing the use of probiotics to prevent NEC in VLBW infants was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar (1996-2016).

Extended-Duration Use of Direct Oral Anticoagulants to Prevent VTE in Acutely III Medical Patients.

: To evaluate current clinical evidence for the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for extended-duration thromboprophylaxis in the acutely ill medical population for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and bleeding events.
: Were obtained through a MEDLINE/PubMed search for clinical trials conducted from March 2008 to 2018 using relevant key words. Limitations of English and human subjects were applied to search results.

Clinical potential of canagliflozin in cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus, as well as the leading diabetes-associated health care cost. The prevalence and associated impact of cardiovascular disease among those with diabetes engenders the need to identify cardiovascular effects of antihyperglycemic agents. This review seeks to evaluate the impact of canagliflozin, a SGLT2 inhibitor, on cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes.

Betrixaban (Bevyxxa): A Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulant Factor Xa Inhibitor.

Betrixaban (Bevyxxa): a direct-acting oral anti-coagulant factor Xa inhibitor.

The use of direct oral anticoagulants in inherited thrombophilia.

To review the use of the direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) agents in inherited thrombophilia based on the literature. MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Google Scholar searches (1970-May 2016) were conducted for case reports, case series, retrospective cohorts, or clinical trials using the key words: protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, antithrombin deficiency, activated protein C resistance, Factor V Leiden, hypercoagulable, NOACs, dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxaban, betrixaban, edoxaban, Xa inhibitor, direct thrombin inhibitor. Results were limited to English-only articles.

Clinical Management of ADHD in a Family Medicine Residency Program: Comparison with AAP Guidelines.

Objectives: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder. Research has shown that even with the growing incidence of children diagnosed as having ADHD, physicians may find providing optimal care to these patients challenging. Our objective was to contrast existing clinical management of ADHD in a family medicine setting with published American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines and review the literature pertinent to differences.

Novel oral anticoagulants for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

To review the use of the novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) agents for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) from relevant clinical trial data. A MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google-Scholar searches (1966-March 2016) were conducted using the keywords: thrombocytopenia, NOACs, dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban, Xa inhibitor, direct thrombin inhibitor.

Near-miss transcription errors: a comparison of reporting rates between a novel error-reporting mechanism and a current formal reporting system.

Purpose: The medication use process comprises several steps. In institutions without full implementation of computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE), transcription is a critical step in this process. As focus is increasingly placed on identifying near-miss errors, this study aimed to compare near-miss transcription error (NMTE) reporting rates between an institution's formal reporting system and an NMTE reporting mechanism.

A small group assignment gives students a novel opportunity to demonstrate current clinical controversies in a self-care course.

Objective: To design and implement a small-group assignment on current event, nonprescription drug therapy questions in a self-care course, and to evaluate student performance in predefined areas.

Design: Students self-identified a current clinical question in nonprescription therapy, searched primary literature, and presented their findings to peers in class.

Assessment: Students were evaluated using a grading rubric on communication skills, ability to retrieve and analyze biomedical literature, and ability to formulate and defend an evidence-based recommendation.

Dolutegravir: An Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor for the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 in Adults.

To review the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, administration, drug interactions, and cost of dolutegravir (Tivicay), a third in class integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in adults. : MEDLINE, , ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar searches (January 2000 to May 2014) were conducted for articles published in English and limited to human subjects, using the key words antiretroviral drugs, HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors, dolutegravir, DTG, and S/GSK1349572.

A review of the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To review the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin (CAN) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Data Sources: Studies were identified using PubMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, MEDLINE, Academic Search Premier, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar from 2011 to August 2013. The following key words were reviewed: canagliflozin, canagliflozin elderly, canagliflozin geriatrics, dapagliflozin, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and SGLT2 receptor inhibitors.

Aclidinium bromide for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Purpose: The safety and efficacy of the second U.S.-approved long-acting inhaled anticholinergic for controlling bronchospasm in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are reviewed.

Parental perspectives of diabetes management in Alabama public schools.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess parental perceptions of the current state of care for children with diabetes in the Alabama public school system, identify existing disparities, and determine what resources would most improve diabetes management in this setting. There is a significant need for such information because of the paucity of published data on the current state of diabetes care in Alabama public schools.

Methods: We based our survey on the American Diabetes Association guidelines and collected responses on the Internet via SurveyMonkey and by paper surveys.