Risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury among women who birth vaginally after a prior caesarean section: A state-wide cohort study.

Objective: Vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) has been suggested to be associated with an increased risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury (compared with primiparous women who birth vaginally). However, prior studies have been small or have used outdated methodology. We set out to validate whether the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury among women having their first VBAC is greater than that among primiparous women having a vaginal birth.

Postnatal probiotics and allergic disease in very preterm infants: Sub-study to the ProPrems randomized trial.

Background: Probiotic supplementation to mothers and/or their term-born infants has been suggested to prevent allergic disease, in particular eczema; however, no studies have investigated probiotics for prevention of allergic diseases in very preterm infants. We evaluated the effect of a postnatal probiotic combination on development of allergic diseases in very preterm infants.

Methods: This sub-study was an a priori secondary outcome of the ProPrems multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial (ANZCTR:12607000144415).