Skin Color Representation in Infectious Disease Textbooks.

Darker skin is underrepresented in medical textbooks. This may contribute to inequity in our system. We assessed skin color representation in infectious disease textbooks and compared diseases associated with social stigma to those not stigmatized.

Perceptions of the impact of a multidose human-milk fortifier on human-milk preparation practices in United States neonatal intensive care units: A survey of nutrition care team members.

Background: In 2020, a multidose human-milk fortifier (MDHMF) was designed to improve the process of human-milk (HM) fortification. The bottle of MDHMF (5.5 oz, 163 ml) allows aseptic removal of HMF in a precise measure.

Mechanisms of Immunotherapy Resistance in Cutaneous Melanoma: Recognizing a Shapeshifter.

Melanoma is one of the seven most common cancers in the United States, and its incidence is still increasing. Since 2011, developments in targeted therapies and immunotherapies have been essential for significantly improving overall survival rates. Prior to the advent of targeted and immunotherapies, metastatic melanoma was considered a death sentence, with less than 5% of patients surviving more than 5 years.

Symmetric dimethylarginine concentrations in healthy neonatal foals and mares.

Background: Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is a renal biomarker correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Objectives: Describe changes in SDMA in clinically healthy foals and their mares during the first month postfoaling.

Animals: Convenience sampling of healthy periparturient Thoroughbred mares and their full-term foals from a population of client-owned horses.

The Relative Merits of an Individualized Versus a Generic Approach to Rating Functional Performance in Childhood Dystonia.

Aims: The Performance Quality Rating Scale (PQRS) is an observational measure that captures performance at the level of activity and participation. Developed for use with the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP), it is a highly individualized approach to measurement. CO-OP is currently being studied in childhood-onset hyperkinetic movement disorders (HMD) and deep brain stimulation.

Screening for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) in Adults Aged 50 and Over Attending a Government HIV Clinic in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Comparison of the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) and IDEA Six Item Dementia Screen.

Validated screening tools for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are lacking for the newly emergent ageing population of people living with HIV (PLWH) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We aimed to validate and compare diagnostic accuracy of two cognitive screening tools, the International HIV dementia scale (IHDS), and the Identification and Interventions for Dementia in Elderly Africans (IDEA) screen, for identification of HAND in older PLWH in Tanzania. A systematic sample of 253 PLWH aged ≥ 50 attending a Government clinic in Tanzania were screened with the IHDS and IDEA.

Screening for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Balance Between Task Shifting, Simplicity, Brevity, and Training.

Background: Task shifting has been suggested as one way to help manage the increasing burden of dementia in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, brief, easy-to-use and valid screening tools are needed to support this approach. Our team has developed an 11-item questionnaire to assess instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) in SSA, the Identification and Intervention for Dementia in Elderly Africans (IDEA)-IADL questionnaire.