Patients' understanding of oncology clinical endpoints: A literature review.

Objectives: Oncology clinical trials use a variety of clinical endpoints. Patients' understanding of the differences between clinical endpoints is important because misperceptions of treatment efficacy may affect treatment decisions. The objective of this literature review is to find and synthesize available empirical publications assessing patients' understanding of common oncology clinical endpoints.

Unintended Effects of Communicating About Drug Safety Issues: A Critical Review of the Literature.

Communications about the safety and effectiveness of human drugs can influence patients' and prescribers' perceptions and behaviors, which in turn can affect the public's health more broadly. We conducted a critical review of the literature on the unintended effects from communicating information to the public about safety issues with prescription and over-the-counter drugs. We searched PubMed for peer-reviewed studies published from 1990 to 2017 where study authors reported probable unintended effects of communicating drug safety.

Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs and the Patient-Prescriber Encounter: A Systematic Review.

We systematically reviewed the research on patients' and prescribers' perceptions of, and self-reported behaviors prompted by, exposure to direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) (For ease of reading we use the term "advertising" to encompass advertising and promotional labeling. Broad use of this term does not imply endorsement by FDA) of prescription drugs that occurs in the context of a clinical encounter. This research offers an important perspective on the broader goal of incorporating patient and prescriber voices in decision-making.

Anticipated regret and health behavior: A meta-analysis.

Objective: Risk beliefs are central to most theories of health behavior, yet many unanswered questions remain about an increasingly studied risk construct, anticipated regret. The authors sought to better understand anticipated regret's role in motivating health behaviors.

Method: The authors systematically searched electronic databases for studies of anticipated regret and behavioral intentions or health behavior.

The psychological harms of screening: the evidence we have versus the evidence we need.

Background: Systematic reviews for the US Preventive Services Task Force have found less high-quality evidence on psychological than physical harms of screening. To understand the extent of evidence on psychological harms, we developed an evidence map that quantifies the distribution of evidence on psychological harms for five adult screening services. We also note gaps in the literature and make recommendations for future research.

Process evaluation of an intervention to increase provision of adolescent vaccines at school health centers.

Background: Vaccination programs in school health centers (SHCs) may improve adolescent vaccine coverage. We conducted a process evaluation of an intervention to increase SHC-located vaccination to better understand the feasibility and challenges of such interventions.

Method: Four SHCs participated in an intervention to increase provision of recommended vaccines to 2,975 adolescents.

The harms of screening: a proposed taxonomy and application to lung cancer screening.

Importance: Making rational decisions about screening requires information about its harms, but high-quality evidence is often either not available or not used. One reason may be that we lack a coherent framework, a taxonomy, for conceptualizing and studying these harms.

Objective: To create a taxonomy, we categorized harms from several sources: systematic reviews of screening, other published literature, and informal discussions with clinicians and patients.

Engaging in health behaviors to lower risk for breast cancer recurrence.

Purpose: While post-treatment breast cancer survivors face up to twice the cancer risk of the general population, modifiable health behaviors may somewhat reduce this risk. We sought to better understand health behaviors that early stage breast cancer survivors engage in to reduce recurrence risk.

Methods: Data came from a cross-sectional multi-site survey of 186 early-stage breast cancer survivors who received genomic testing for breast cancer recurrence risk (Oncotype DX) during their clinical care.

Understanding how breast cancer patients use risk information from genomic tests.

We sought to examine how patients' treatment decisions incorporate potentially conflicting information from standard clinical indicators (e.g., tumor size) and genomic tests for breast cancer recurrence risk.

Influence of false-positive mammography results on subsequent screening: do physician recommendations buffer negative effects?

Objective: Cancer screening guidelines often include discussion about the unintended negative consequences of routine screening. This prospective study examined effects of false-positive mammography results on women's adherence to subsequent breast cancer screening and psychological well-being. We also assessed whether barriers to screening exacerbated the effects of false-positive results.

Improving communication of breast cancer recurrence risk.

Doctors commonly use genomic testing for breast cancer recurrence risk. We sought to assess whether the standard genomic report provided to doctors is a good approach for communicating results to patients. During 2009-2010, we interviewed 133 patients with stages I or II, node-negative, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and eligible for the Oncotype DX genomic test.

Finding the minimal intervention needed for sustained mammography adherence.

Background: Regular adherence to mammography screening saves lives, yet few women receive regular mammograms.

Design: RCT.

Setting/participants: Participants were recruited through a state employee health plan.

A model of the influence of false-positive mammography screening results on subsequent screening.

Decades of empirical research have demonstrated psychological and behavioural consequences of false-positive medical tests. To organise this literature and offer novel predictions, we propose a model of how false-positive mammography results affect return for subsequent mammography screening. We propose that false-positive mammography results alter how women think about themselves (e.

Factors associated with annual-interval mammography for women in their 40s.

Background: Evidence is mounting that annual mammography for women in their 40s may be the optimal schedule to reduce morbidity and mortality from breast cancer. Few studies have assessed predictors of repeat mammography on an annual interval among these women.

Methods: We assessed mammography screening status among 596 insured Black and Non-Hispanic white women ages 43-49.

Impact of mailed and automated telephone reminders on receipt of repeat mammograms: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: This study compares the efficacy of three types of reminders in promoting annual repeat mammography screening.

Design: RCT.

Setting And Participants: Study recruitment occurred in 2004-2005.

Body image dissatisfaction in cancer survivors.

Purpose/objectives: To explore medical and psychosocial factors associated with body image dissatisfaction in male and female cancer survivors.

Design: Secondary data analysis from the American Cancer Society's Study of Cancer Survivors-II pilot survey.

Setting: Cancer survivors were identified through two state cancer registry databases.

Triangulating differential nonresponse by race in a telephone survey.

Introduction: In 1994, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services mandated sufficient inclusion of racial and ethnic minorities in all federally funded research.