Psychiatric Diagnoses in Children With CKD Compared to the General Population.

Rationale & Objective: Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are subject to physical and psychosocial challenges, which may confer greater risk of developing psychiatric disorders. We sought to examine key psychiatric diagnoses in children with CKD compared with those in the general pediatric population and assess the correlation between parent-reported diagnosis and self-reported symptoms of depression.

Study Design: Cross-sectional.

Cerium-photocatalyzed aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols to aldehydes and ketones.

We have developed a cerium-photocatalyzed aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary benzylic alcohols to aldehydes and ketones using inexpensive CeCl·7HO as photocatalyst and air oxygen as the terminal oxidant.

Dialysis disequilibrium on CKRT: avoiding the steep slippery slope.

Background: Current guidelines for initiation of kidney replacement do not include specific recommendations for prescription parameters and monitoring.

Case Outline: A 16-year-old girl presented with kidney failure with creatinine of 19.8 mg/dL and BUN of 211 mg/dL.

The unusual suspects: a curious case of acute kidney injury-Questions.

A previously healthy 8-year-old boy presented for evaluation of three weeks of daily fevers to 101 °F, myalgia, gingival swelling, mouth sores, blurry vision, and periorbital rash with new onset of dark urine. His family history was significant for rheumatologic disease without known renal involvement. Initial workup demonstrated mild anemia with hemoglobin of 10.

Internet and Video Game Addictions: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Neurobiology.

In the past 2 decades, there has been substantial increase in availability and use of digital technologies, including the Internet, computer games, smart phones, and social media. Behavioral addiction to use of technologies spawned a body of related research. The recent inclusion of Internet gaming disorder as a condition for further study in the DSM-V invigorated a new wave of researchers, thereby expanding our understanding of these conditions.

Diluted sodium hypochlorite (bleach) in dogs: antiseptic efficacy, local tolerability and in vitro effect on skin barrier function and inflammation.

Background: Diluted sodium hypochlorite represents an inexpensive and widely available topical antiseptic, but there are no tolerability and efficacy data in veterinary dermatology.

Objectives: To determine the in vivo antibacterial effect and tolerability of topical diluted bleach application and to assess its in vitro effect on skin barrier lipids and anti-inflammatory properties on keratinocytes.

Methods: Topical hypochlorite at 0.

Trainees' use of supervision for therapy with sexual minority clients: A qualitative study.

In the supervision literature, research on sexual orientation considerations often focuses on sexual minority supervisees and less often on their work with sexual minority clients. Yet both heterosexual and sexual minority supervisees serve sexual minority clients and may have different supervision needs. Twelve predoctoral interns from 12 APA-accredited counseling center internships were interviewed about how they made use of supervision for their work with a sexual minority client.

The effect of miscellaneous oral dosage forms on the environmental pollution of sulfonamides in pig holdings.

Background: Due to antibiotic treatment of humans and animals, the prevalence of bacterial resistances increases worldwide. Especially in livestock farming, large quantities of faeces contaminated with antibiotics pose a risk of the carryover of the active ingredient to the environment. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was the evaluation of the benefit of different oral dosage forms (powder, pellets, granula) in pigs concerning the environmental pollution of sulfadiazine.

Effects of ceftiofur treatment on the susceptibility of commensal porcine E.coli--comparison between treated and untreated animals housed in the same stable.

Background: Healthy farm animals have been found to act as a reservoir of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli). Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the input of antimicrobial active ceftiofur metabolites in the stable via faeces and urine after intramuscular administration of the drug to pigs and the elucidation of the Escherichia coli ESBL resistance pattern of treated and untreated pigs housed in the same barn during therapy.

Effects of carry-over of fluoroquinolones on the susceptibility of commensal Escherichia coli in the intestinal microbiota of poultry.

Due to the frequent use of antibacterials in veterinary medicine as well as in human medicine the occurrence of antibacterial resistance rises worldwide. But independent of the usage of antimicrobials the microbiota from animals as well as from humans already harbour a diversity of resistance genes. As a consequence of manufacturing animal production the treatment of livestock in case of illness is carried out via feed or drinking water.

Application of in vivo microdialysis for investigation of unbound drug concentrations of intravenously administered sulfadimidine in the paranasal sinus mucosa of horses.

Objective: To monitor concentrations of sulfadimidine in the paranasal sinus mucosa (PSM) of unsedated horses following IV administration of trimethoprim-sulfadimidine via in vivo microdialysis.

Animals: 10 healthy adult horses.

Procedures: Concentric microdialysis probes were implanted into the subepithelial layers of the frontal sinus mucosa of standing sedated horses.

The effects of chemical and physical penetration enhancers on the percutaneous permeation of lidocaine through equine skin.

Background: The effect of physical and chemical permeation enhancers on in vitro transdermal permeation of lidocaine was investigated in the horse.Therefore, the effect of six vehicles (phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 50% ethanol, 50% propylene glycol, 50% isopropylalcohol, 50% isopropylalcohol/isopropylmyristate and 50% dimethylsulfoxide) was examined as well as the effect of microneedle pretreatment with different needle lengths on transdermal drug delivery of lidocaine.The skin was obtained from the thorax of six Warmblood horses and was stored up to two weeks at - 20°C.

Influence of xylazine on the function of the LiDCO sensor in isoflurane anaesthetized horses.

Objective: Previous studies showed an influence of xylazine on the LiDCO sensor in vitro and in standing horses, but did not prove that this interaction caused error in LiDCO measurements. Therefore, agreement of cardiac output (CO) measurements by LiDCO and bolus-thermodilution (BTD) was determined in horses receiving xylazine infusions.

Study Design: Prospective, experimental study.

Comparison of different solid-phase extraction materials for the determination of fluoroquinolones in chicken plasma by LC-MS/MS.

Fluoroquinolones are synthetic antibiotics which are frequently used in veterinary medicine e.g. for the treatment of poultry.

Biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of photolytic products of sulfonamides.

Background: This study assessed the photochemical fate of nine sulfonamides (sulfamerazine, sulfanilamide, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfamethazine, sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole and sulfadimethoxine) during a 6h irradiation period with UVA/UVB-light and UVA-light and over 7 days under natural (sunlight) conditions. The cell growth inhibition effect and cytotoxicity of sulfonamides and their photodegradation products was investigated over 24 and 48 h with murine fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Antibacterial activity of the degradation products was studied using the Geobacillus stearothermophilus var.

Effects of dexmedetomidine and xylazine on cardiovascular function during total intravenous anaesthesia with midazolam and ketamine and recovery quality and duration in horses.

Objectives: To compare cardiovascular effects and recovery quality and duration of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with xylazine-ketamine-midazolam or dexmedetomidine-ketamine-midazolam.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized experimental cross-over trial.

Animals: Eight adult warmblood horses.

[Variables describing the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals].

In order to represent relationships between the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals and the extend of bacteria with resistance characteristics, it is necessary to have access to information about dispensary and consumption of antibiotic drugs. This does not only require suitable detection methods, but also the establishment of figures which adequately describe the use of antibiotics both on the level of the enterprise, respectively veterinarian, as well as in cumulative form. In various countries different calculations for the analysis of data on antibiotic use are applied, therefore the results are not always comparable.

Ceruminal diffusion activities and ceruminolytic characteristics of otic preparations - an in-vitro study.

Background: An in-vitro setup was established in order to determine a) the diffusion activities of eight otic preparations (Aurizon®, Eas Otic®, Epi Otic®, Otifree®, Otomax®, Panolog®, Posatex®, Surolan®) through synthetic cerumen, and b) the ceruminolytic capacity and impregnation effects of these products. The main lipid classes of canine cerumen produced with moderate, non-purulent otitis externa were determined by thin layer chromatography and were subsequently used to produce a standardised synthetic cerumen (SCC). SCC was filled into capillary tubes, all of which were loaded with six commercially available multipurpose otic medications and two ear cleaners, each mixed with two markers in two experimental setups.

Synovial distribution of "systemically" administered acetylsalicylic acid in the isolated perfused equine distal limb.

Background: This study investigated synovial concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and its metabolite salicylic acid (SA) in the equine fetlock joint following systemic administration of ASA. Salicylates were chosen because SA is the only nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for which threshold levels exist for plasma and urine in equine sports. To avoid animal experiments, the study was conducted using an ex vivo model of the isolated perfused equine distal limb in combination with plasma concentrations obtained from literature.

Clinical reasoning: a 12-year-old boy with ascending weakness.

A 12-year-old boy presented with 3 weeks of calf pain, tripping, and progressive inability to walk. The onset was preceded by a sore throat 4 weeks prior, but no recent immunizations and no sick contacts. He began having problems "catching his toes" for 2 weeks.

Comparison of three different sampling methods for canine skin lipids.

Background: Epidermal lipids are of major interest in dermatological research, especially in canine atopic dermatitis. Owing to the existence of several sampling methods, the interpretation of study results is often complicated.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare three different sampling methods and to establish a minimally invasive method for collecting canine epidermal lipids.

Dermatophagoides farinae house dust mite allergen challenges reduce stratum corneum ceramides in an experimental dog model of acute atopic dermatitis.

Background: Ceramides are essential stratum corneum (SC) lipids and they play a pivotal role in maintaining effective cutaneous barrier function.

Objectives: The present study aimed at determining the effect of a Dermatophagoides farinae house dust mite (Df-HDM) allergen challenge on SC ceramides of atopic dogs experimentally sensitized to these allergens.

Animals: Six Df-HDM-sensitized atopic Maltese-beagle dogs were used.