High density lipoprotein is targeted for oxidation by myeloperoxidase in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: Phagocyte-derived myeloperoxidase (MPO) and pro-inflammatory high density lipoprotein (HDL) associate with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the link between MPO and HDL has not been systematically examined. In this study, we investigated whether MPO can oxidise HDL and determined MPO-specific oxidative signature by apoA-1 by peptide mapping in RA subjects with and without known cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: Two MPO oxidation products, 3-chlorotyrosine and 3-nitrotyrosine, were quantified by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in in vitro model system studies and in plasma and HDL derived from healthy controls and RA subjects.

Marking renal injury: can we move beyond serum creatinine?

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent and devastating condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite marked improvements in clinical care, the outcomes for subjects with AKI have shown limited improvement in the past 50 years. A major factor inhibiting clinical progress in this field has been the inability to accurately predict and diagnose early kidney dysfunction.

Urine glycoprotein profile reveals novel markers for chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health problem, and progression to end-stage renal disease leads to dramatic increases in morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying progression of disease are poorly defined, and current noninvasive markers incompletely correlate with disease progression. Therefore, there is a great need for discovering novel markers for CKD.

Pathogenic cycle between the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetrical dimethylarginine and the leukocyte-derived hemoprotein myeloperoxidase.

Background: The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) and the leukocyte-derived hemoprotein myeloperoxidase (MPO) are associated with cardiovascular diseases. Activation of monocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) with concomitant release of MPO is regulated in a nitric oxide-dependent fashion. The aim of the study was to investigate a potential 2-way interaction between ADMA and MPO.

Metabolic mapping in mammalian retina: a biochemical and 3H-2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic study.

It has long been known that mammalian retinas metabolize glucose aerobically to lactic acid and carbon dioxide. The classical view holds that glucose is the primary substrate for energy metabolism in all retinal cells, and that photoreceptor cells have the highest rates of glycolysis and respiration. A different and more recent view is that the Müller cells are the principal, if not sole aerobic producers of lactate, which then serves as the primary fuel for the mitochondria in photoreceptor cells and other retinal neurons.