Eating disorder debut cases during COVID-19 lockdown in adults. Exploring differences in treatment outcome contrasting with pre-pandemic onset cases.

Objective: Despite an increase in eating disorder (ED) cases during the COVID-19 pandemic, there are limited longitudinal studies exploring treatment outcomes. The aims of the present study were: (1) to compare the clinical features of patients with EDs whose onset was during the COVID-19 lockdown (pandemic cohort) against patients with EDs whose onset was prior to the pandemic (pre-pandemic cohort) and, (2) to compare therapy responses between the cohorts.

Method: The sample consisted of 115 adult women with an ED.

Impulsivity and compulsivity in gambling disorder and bulimic spectrum eating disorders: Analysis of neuropsychological profiles and sex differences.

Background: Gambling disorder (GD) and bulimic spectrum eating disorders (BSDs) not only share numerous psychopathological, neurobiological, and comorbidity features but also are distinguished by the presence of inappropriate behaviours related to impulsivity and compulsivity. This study aimed to emphasise the differences and similarities in the main impulsivity and compulsivity features between GD and BSD patients, and to analyse the potential influence of sex in these domains.

Methods: Using self-reported and neurocognitive measures, we assessed different impulsive-compulsive components in a sample of 218 female and male patients (59 with BSD and 159 with GD) and 150 healthy controls.

Cognitive flexibility and DSM-5 severity criteria for eating disorders: assessing drive for thinness and duration of illness as alternative severity variables.

Background: The severity criteria for eating disorders (EDs) proposed in the DSM-5 have been established without sufficient empirical support. Drive for thinness (DT) and duration of illness have been proposed as two alternative severity measures, however their empirical evidence is also limited. To date, no research has assessed the validity of current eating disorder (ED) severity criteria regarding cognitive flexibility factors.

Food addiction in anorexia nervosa: Implications for the understanding of crossover diagnosis.

Objective: Food addiction (FA) construct was introduced to reflect abnormal eating patterns that resemble behavioural ones found in substance use disorders. FA has been barely explored in anorexia nervosa (AN). This study evaluated FA occurrence and associated factors in a sample of patients with AN, distinguishing between restrictive and binge-purging subtypes and focussing on the influence of FA in the crossover diagnosis between them.

Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic factor in eating disorders and gambling disorder: Treatment outcome implications.

Background: A first approach addressed to ascertain whether emotion regulation (ER) could be a transdiagnostic construct between eating disorders (EDs) and gambling disorder (GD) (through a joint clinical clustering analysis of both disorders) was performed by Munguía et al. (2021). Both conditions were represented by a severe, moderate, and low ER profile subgroups, according to the degree of ER difficulties.

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown in Eating Disorders: A Multicentre Collaborative International Study.

Background: The COVID-19 lockdown has had a significant impact on mental health. Patients with eating disorders (ED) have been particularly vulnerable.

Aims: (1) To explore changes in eating-related symptoms and general psychopathology during lockdown in patients with an ED from various European and Asian countries; and (2) to assess differences related to diagnostic ED subtypes, age, and geography.

Where does purging disorder lie on the symptomatologic and personality continuum when compared to other eating disorder subtypes? Implications for the DSM.

Objectives: To assess the clinical significance and distinctiveness of purging disorder (PD) from other eating disorder (ED) diagnoses.

Method: Participants included 3127 women consecutively admitted to an ED treatment centre (246 PD, 465 anorexia nervosa restrictive [AN-R], 327 AN-binge purging [AN-BP], 1436 bulimia nervosa [BN], 360 binge eating disorder [BED], 177 atypical AN and 116 unspecified feeding or eating disorder [UFED]) who were diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria. Additionally, 822 control participants were recruited from the community.

Clinical factors predicting impaired executive functions in eating disorders: The role of illness duration.

Poor performance in executive functions is observed in individuals with eating disorders (EDs). These impairments have usually been associated with the presence of comorbid psychopathology or with higher severity of EDs. However, few studies have explored the interaction between illness duration and deficits in executive functions.

Neuropsychological Learning Deficits as Predictors of Treatment Outcome in Patients with Eating Disorders.

Eating disorders (EDs) are severe psychiatric illnesses that require individualized treatments. Decision-making deficits have been associated with EDs. Decision-making learning deficits denote a lack of strategies to elaborate better decisions that can have an impact on recovery and response to treatment.

Lifetime Weight Course as a Phenotypic Marker of Severity and Therapeutic Response in Patients with Eating Disorders.

The association between lifetime weight fluctuations and clinical characteristics has been widely studied in populations with eating disorders (ED). However, there is a lack of literature examining the potential role of weight course as a transdiagnostic factor in ED so far. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare ED severity and treatment outcomes among four specific BMI profiles based on BMI-trajectories across the lifespan: (a) persistent obesity (OB-OB; ( = 74)), (b) obesity in the past but currently in a normal weight range (OB-NW; = 156), (c) normal weight throughout the lifespan (NW-NW; = 756), and (d) current obesity but previously at normal weight (NW-OB; = 314).

Contribution of sex on the underlying mechanism of the gambling disorder severity.

Significant increasing prevalences have been observed in gambling disorder (GD) in the last decades. This study analyzed the underlying mechanisms of the gambling severity with path analysis (implemented through Structural Equation Modeling, SEM), and assessed the potential moderator effect of the patients' sex. A sample of n = 512 treatment-seeking patients was assessed for sociodemographics and clinical state previously to the treatment.

COVID Isolation Eating Scale (CIES): Analysis of the impact of confinement in eating disorders and obesity-A collaborative international study.

Confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to have a serious and complex impact on the mental health of patients with an eating disorder (ED) and of patients with obesity. The present manuscript has the following aims: (1) to analyse the psychometric properties of the COVID Isolation Eating Scale (CIES), (2) to explore changes that occurred due to confinement in eating symptomatology; and (3) to explore the general acceptation of the use of telemedicine during confinement. The sample comprised 121 participants (87 ED patients and 34 patients with obesity) recruited from six different centres.

Presence of problematic and disordered gambling in older age and validation of the South Oaks Gambling Scale.

The use of instruments originally developed for measuring gambling activity in younger populations may not be appropriate in older age individuals. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of problematic and disordered gambling in seniors aged 50 or over, and study the reliability and validity properties of the SOGS (a screening measure to identify gambling related problems). Two independent samples were recruited: a clinical group of n = 47 patients seeking treatment at a Pathological Gambling Outpatient Unit, and a population-based group of n = 361 participants recruited from the same geographical area.

Moderator effect of sex in the clustering of treatment-seeking patients with gambling problems.

Background: There are no studies based on a person-centered approach addressing sex-related differences in the characteristics of treatment-seeking patients with gambling disorder (GD). The main objective of the current study is to identify empirical clusters of GD based on several measures of the severity of gambling behavior, and considering the potential role of patient sex as a moderator.

Methods: An agglomerative hierarchical clustering method was applied to an adult sample of 512 treatment-seeking patients (473 men and 39 women) by using a combination of the Schwarz Bayesian Information Criterion and log-likelihood function.

Gambling Phenotypes in Older Adults.

Participation in gambling is rising in older adults. Indeed, in the coming years, engagement in gambling as a social activity is expected to increase more sharply in the elderly than in any other age group. Due to their exposure to powerful age-specific risk factors such as isolation, inactivity and failing health, older people are highly vulnerable to gambling-related problems.

Food Addiction in Eating Disorders and Obesity: Analysis of Clusters and Implications for Treatment.

Food addiction (FA) has been associated with greater psychopathology in individuals with eating disorders (ED) and obesity (OBE). The current study aims to provide a better phenotypic characterization of the FA construct by conducting a clustering analysis of FA in both conditions (ED and OBE). The total sample was comprised of 234 participants that scored positive on the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.

Is food addiction a predictor of treatment outcome among patients with eating disorder?

Objectives: The study aimed to examine whether food addiction (FA) was associated with greater severity in both binge eating disorders (BED) and bulimia nervosa and, therefore, to determine if FA was predictive of treatment outcome.

Method: Seventy-one adult patients with bulimia nervosa and BED (42 and 29, respectively) participated in the study. FA was assessed by means of the Yale Food Addiction Scale.

Developmental trajectories of gambling severity after cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Aims: To estimate trajectories of the gambling disorder (GD) severity for 12 months following a manualized cognitive-behavior-therapy (CBT) program, and to identify the main variables associated with each trajectory.

Methods: Latent Class Growth Analysis examined the longitudinal changes of n = 603 treatment-seeking patients with GD.

Results: Five separate empirical trajectories were identified: T1 (n = 383, 63.

Gender-Related Patterns of Emotion Regulation among Patients with Eating Disorders.

Difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) are common in females with eating disorders (ED). However, no study to date has analyzed ER in males with ED. In the study at hand, we assessed ER in males with ED and compared results to both females with ED and healthy controls (HC).

The predictive capacity of DSM-5 symptom severity and impulsivity on response to cognitive-behavioral therapy for gambling disorder: A 2-year longitudinal study.

Background: DSM-5 proposed a new operational system by using the number of fulfilled criteria as an indicator of gambling disorder severity. This method has proven to be controversial among researchers and clinicians alike, due to the lack of studies indicating whether severity, as measured by these criteria, is clinically relevant in terms of treatment outcome. Additionally, numerous studies have highlighted the associations between gambling disorder and impulsivity, though few have examined the impact of impulsivity on long-term treatment outcomes.

Food addiction and preoperative weight loss achievement in patients seeking bariatric surgery.

Introduction: Evidence suggests that food addiction (FA) is prevalent among individuals with obesity seeking bariatric surgery (BS), but there is no evidence about whether FA is a predictor of weight loss (WL). We aimed to analyse the prevalence of FA in patients with obesity seeking BS and to examine whether FA could predict WL following dietary intervention before surgery.

Method: The study included 110 patients with obesity who underwent a dietetic intervention.

Mindfulness-Based Interventions for the Treatment of Substance and Behavioral Addictions: A Systematic Review.

Background: Emotion (dys)regulation as well as the interventions for improving these difficulties are receiving a growing attention in the literature. The aim of the present paper was to conduct a systematic review about the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in both substance and behavioral addictions (BAs).

Method: A literature search was conducted using Cochrane, PubMed, and Web of Science.

Cognitive Deficits in Executive Functions and Decision-Making Impairments Cluster Gambling Disorder Sub-types.

To identify Gambling Disorder (GD) subtypes, in a population of men seeking treatment for GD, according to specific executive function domains (i.e., cognitive flexibility, inhibition and working memory as well as decision making) which are usually impaired in addictive behaviors.

[Assessment of the use of retinography as a screening method for the early diagnosis of chronic glaucoma in Primary Care: Validation for screening in populations with open-angle glaucoma risk factors].

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine usefulness, validity of retinographies performed in Primary Care as a tool for early diagnosis of open-angle chronic glaucoma (OAG).

Design: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study with two blinded parallel observers: 2 general practitioners and 1 ophthalmologist.

Location: Urban Primary Care Health Centre, and the Ophthalmology Department outpatient clinic.