A Clinically Relevant Functional Model of Type-2 Cardio-Renal Syndrome with Paraventricular Changes consequent to Chronic Ischaemic Heart Failure.

Cardiorenal syndrome, de novo renal pathology arising secondary to cardiac insufficiency, is clinically recognised but poorly characterised. This study establishes and characterises a valid model representative of Type 2 cardiorenal syndrome. Extensive permanent left ventricular infarction, induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in Lewis rats, was confirmed by plasma cardiac troponin I, histology and cardiac haemodynamics.