Hyper-Realistic Advanced Surgical Skills Package with Cut Suit Simulator Improves Trainee Surgeon Confidence in Operative Trauma.

Background: Adequate exposure to operative trauma is not uniform across surgical residencies, and therefore it can be challenging to achieve competency during residency alone. This study introduced the Cut Suit surgical simulator with an Advanced Surgical Skills Package, which replicates traumatic bleeding and organ injury, into surgery resident training across multiple New York City trauma centers.

Methods: Trainees from 6 ACS-verified trauma centers participated in this prospective, observational trial.

Electroconvulsive seizures stimulate glial proliferation and reduce expression of Sprouty2 within the prefrontal cortex of rats.

Background: Reductions in cell number are found within the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) in major depression and bipolar disorder, conditions for which electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective treatment. We investigated whether electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) in rats stimulates cellular proliferation in the PFC immediately and four weeks after the treatments. In parallel, we examined if ECS also alters the expression of Sprouty2 (SPRY2), an inhibitor of cell proliferation.