Practice improves older adults' attentional control and prospective memory more than HD-tDCS: a randomized controlled trial.

Frontal and parietal brain regions are involved in attentional control and prospective memory. It is debated, however, whether increased or decreased activity in those regions is beneficial for older adults' task performance. We therefore aimed to systematically modulate activity in those regions using high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation.

A Simulated Tracheostomy Tube Change Educational Intervention to Promote Competency Among Novice Healthcare Professionals: A Repeated Measures Study.

Objective: To evaluate an educational intervention to promote confidence, knowledge, and skills in tracheostomy tube change among nursing students.

Methods: The study, conducted at the at the Johns Hopkins Center for Immersive Learning and Digital Innovation, enrolled nursing students without prior experience in tracheostomy tube change. The intervention included a pre-recorded presentation, faculty demonstrations with a Tracheostomy Care Training Simulation Model, and participant practice demonstrating skills.

[Recommendations for the diagnostic and therapy of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)].

The «Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD)» were developed in parallel with the Swiss National Dementia Strategy 2014-2019 under the auspices of the Swiss Society for Geriatric Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (SGAP) and mark the beginning of a series of recommendations for geriatric psychiatric disorders. They depict the evidence-based state of knowledge about diagnostics and therapy, based on the clinical experience of the experts, and are designed for interprofessional and interdisciplinary use. The non-pharmacological intervention options and pharmacotherapy are discussed in detail.

Simultaneous multi-region detection of GABA+ and Glx using 3D spatially resolved SLOW-editing and EPSI-readout at 7T.

GABA+ and Glx (glutamate and glutamine) are widely studied metabolites, yet the commonly used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques have significant limitations, including sensitivity to B and B-inhomogeneities, limited bandwidth of MEGA-pulses, high SAR which is accentuated at 7T. To address these limitations, we propose SLOW-EPSI method, employing a large 3D MRSI coverage and achieving a high resolution down to 0.26 ml.

The moderating effects of sex, age, and education on the outcome of combined cognitive training and transcranial electrical stimulation in older adults.

Unlabelled: Computerized cognitive training (CCT) has been shown to improve cognition in older adults via targeted exercises for single or multiple cognitive domains. Combining CCT with non-invasive brain stimulation is thought to be even more effective due to synergistic effects in the targeted brain areas and networks. However, little is known about the moderating effects of sex, age, and education on cognitive outcomes.

The effect of loss incentives on prospective memory in healthy older adults: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial using ultra-high field fMRI.

Background: Prospective memory is important for our health and independence but declines with age. Hence, interventions to enhance prospective memory, for example by providing an incentive, may promote healthy ageing. The neuroanatomical correlates of prospective memory and the processing of incentive-related prospective memory changes in older adults are not fully understood.

Modulating prospective memory and attentional control with high-definition transcranial current stimulation: Study protocol of a randomized, double-blind, and sham-controlled trial in healthy older adults.

The ability to remember future intentions (i.e., prospective memory) is influenced by attentional control.

Local synchronicity in dopamine-rich caudate nucleus influences Huntington's disease motor phenotype.

Structural grey and white matter changes precede the manifestation of clinical signs of Huntington's disease by many years. Conversion to clinically manifest disease therefore likely reflects not merely atrophy but a more widespread breakdown of brain function. Here, we investigated the structure-function relationship close to and after clinical onset, in important regional brain hubs, particularly caudate nucleus and putamen, which are central to maintaining normal motor behaviour.

Detecting subtle signs of depression with automated speech analysis in a non-clinical sample.

Background: Automated speech analysis has gained increasing attention to help diagnosing depression. Most previous studies, however, focused on comparing speech in patients with major depressive disorder to that in healthy volunteers. An alternative may be to associate speech with depressive symptoms in a non-clinical sample as this may help to find early and sensitive markers in those at risk of depression.

Submillimeter T atlas for subject-specific abnormality detection at 7T.

Purpose: Studies at 3T have shown that T relaxometry enables characterization of brain tissues at the single-subject level by comparing individual physical properties to a normative atlas. In this work, an atlas of normative T values at 7T is introduced with 0.6 mm isotropic resolution and its clinical potential is explored in comparison to 3T.

Can a serious game-based cognitive training attenuate cognitive decline related to Alzheimer's disease? Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major public health issue. Cognitive interventions such as computerized cognitive trainings (CCT) are effective in attenuating cognitive decline in AD. However, in those at risk of dementia related to AD, results are heterogeneous.

Correction: A computational reproducibility study of PLOS ONE articles featuring longitudinal data analyses.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

The left prefrontal cortex determines relevance at encoding and governs episodic memory formation.

The role hemispheric lateralization in the prefrontal cortex plays for episodic memory formation in general, and for emotionally valenced information in particular, is debated. In a randomized, double-blind, and sham-controlled design, healthy young participants (n = 254) performed 2 runs of encoding to categorize the perceptual, semantic, or emotionally valenced (positive or negative) features of words followed by a free recall and a recognition task. To resolve competing hypotheses about the contribution of each hemisphere, we modulated left or right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity using transcranial direct current stimulation during encoding (1 mA, 20 min).

Salvage therapy with "Dara-KDT-P(A)CE" in heavily pretreated, high-risk, proliferative, relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.

The multi-agent therapy "VDT-PACE" represents an established regimen in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Here, we report on our experience with a "modified VDT-PACE" incorporating new generation anti-MM agents daratumumab and carfilzomib ("Dara-KDT-P(A)CE"). We retrospectively analyzed 38 patients with RRMM treated with "Dara-KDT-P(A)CE".

Single- and double-hit events in genes encoding immune targets before and after T cell-engaging antibody therapy in MM.

T cell-engaging immunotherapies exert unprecedented single-agent activity in multiple myeloma (MM), thereby putting a yet unexplored selective pressure on the clonal architecture. In this study, we report on homozygous BCMA (TNFRSF17) gene deletion after BCMA-targeting T cell-redirecting bispecific antibody therapy in a heavily pretreated MM patient. Loss of BCMA protein expression persisted over subsequent relapses, with no response to treatment with anti-BCMA antibody drug conjugate.

The relationship between cholinergic system brain structure and function in healthy adults and patients with mild cognitive impairment.

We assessed the structure-function relationship of the human cholinergic system and hypothesized that structural measures are associated with short-latency sensory afferent inhibition (SAI), an electrophysiological measure of central cholinergic signal transmission. Healthy volunteers (n = 36) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 20) underwent median nerve SAI and 3T structural MRI to determine the volume of the basal forebrain and the thalamus. Patients with MCI had smaller basal forebrain (p < 0.

Patients with amnestic MCI Fail to Adapt Executive Control When Repeatedly Tested with Semantic Verbal Fluency Tasks.

Objective: Semantic verbal fluency (SVF) tasks require individuals to name items from a specified category within a fixed time. An impaired SVF performance is well documented in patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI). The two leading theoretical views suggest either loss of semantic knowledge or impaired executive control to be responsible.

A computational reproducibility study of PLOS ONE articles featuring longitudinal data analyses.

Computational reproducibility is a corner stone for sound and credible research. Especially in complex statistical analyses-such as the analysis of longitudinal data-reproducing results is far from simple, especially if no source code is available. In this work we aimed to reproduce analyses of longitudinal data of 11 articles published in PLOS ONE.

Transcranial electrical stimulation improves cognitive training effects in healthy elderly adults with low cognitive performance.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of transcranial direct (tDCS) or alternating current stimulation (tACS) in boosting cognitive training efficiency in healthy older adults. We further explored whether such improvements depend on general cognitive performance or age.

Methods: In this randomized, sham-controlled study, 59 healthy elderly participants (mean age 71.

Targeting hippocampal hyperactivity with real-time fMRI neurofeedback: protocol of a single-blind randomized controlled trial in mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Several fMRI studies found hyperactivity in the hippocampus during pattern separation tasks in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI; a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease). This was associated with memory deficits, subsequent cognitive decline, and faster clinical progression. A reduction of hippocampal hyperactivity with an antiepileptic drug improved memory performance.

The Modulation of Cognitive Performance with Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation: A Systematic Review of Frequency-Specific Effects.

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that allows the manipulation of intrinsic brain oscillations. Numerous studies have applied tACS in the laboratory to enhance cognitive performance. With this systematic review, we aim to provide an overview of frequency-specific tACS effects on a range of cognitive functions in healthy adults.

No Effect of Anodal tDCS on Verbal Episodic Memory Performance and Neurotransmitter Levels in Young and Elderly Participants.

Healthy ageing is accompanied by cognitive decline that affects episodic memory processes in particular. Studies showed that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) may counteract this cognitive deterioration by increasing excitability and inducing neuroplasticity in the targeted cortical region. While stimulation gains are more consistent in initial low performers, relying solely on behavioural measures to predict treatment benefits does not suffice for a reliable implementation of this method as a therapeutic option.

A living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19.

Updates: This is the fourteenth version (thirteenth update) of the living guideline, replacing earlier versions (available as data supplements). New recommendations will be published as updates to this guideline.

Clinical Question: What is the role of drugs in the treatment of patients with covid-19?

Context: The evidence base for therapeutics for covid-19 is evolving with numerous randomised controlled trials (RCTs) recently completed and underway.