Racial/ethnic and educational differences in perceptions and use of a new urban trail.

Obesity and its associated health risks are on the rise throughout the US due, in part, to an overall decline in physical activity. Although public green spaces, and in particular trails, show promise as population-level interventions to promote physical activity among adults, these amenities may have disparate impacts across racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups within a community. This cross-sectional study employed an intercept survey of users of a newly opened $95 million rail-to-trail development in Chicago, IL, immediately after its opening and one year later to examine differences by race/ethnicity and educational attainment in trail use behaviors, motivations for trail use, safety concerns, and change in physical activity attributed to the trail.

Chemical Gardens as Flow-through Reactors Simulating Natural Hydrothermal Systems.

Here we report experimental simulations of hydrothermal chimney growth using injection chemical garden methods. The versatility of this type of experiment allows for testing of various proposed ocean / hydrothermal fluid chemistries that could have driven reactions toward the origin of life in environments on the early Earth, early Mars, or even other worlds such as the icy moons of the outer planets. We show experiments that include growth of chemical garden structures under anoxic conditions simulating the early Earth, inclusion of trace components of phosphates / organics in the injection solution to incorporate them into the structure, a switch of the injection solution to introduce a secondary precipitating anion, and the measurement of membrane potentials generated by chemical gardens.

Frequency and clinicopathological characteristics of presenilin 1 Gly206Ala mutation in Puerto Rican Hispanics with dementia.

The frequency and clinical and pathological characteristics associated with the Gly206Ala presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mutation in Puerto Rican and non-Puerto Rican Hispanics were evaluated at the University of Pennsylvania's Alzheimer's Disease Center. DNAs from all cohort subjects were genotyped for the Gly206Ala PSEN1 mutation. Carriers and non-carriers with neurodegenerative disease dementias were compared for demographic, clinical, psychometric, and biomarker variables.

Ethnoracial differences in the clinical characteristics of Alzheimer's disease at initial presentation at an urban Alzheimer's disease center.

Objective: To compare presentation of Alzheimer disease (AD) at the time of initial evaluation at a university specialty clinic across three ethnoracial groups in order to understand similarities and differences in the demographic, clinical, cognitive, psychiatric, and biologic features.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: A total of 1,341 self-identified African American, Latino (primarily of Caribbean origin), and white non-Hispanic ("WNH") subjects were recruited from primary care sites or by referral by primary care physicians.

What Latino Puerto Ricans and non-Latinos say when they talk about Alzheimer's disease.

Background: To discover whether Latino Puerto Rican and non-Latino communities differ in the words they use to talk about Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Four groups of 30 persons per group defined by self-identified ethnicity and caregiver status: Latino Puerto Ricans and non-Latino Whites, who were either caregivers or non-caregivers completed free-listing exercises to identify the words they use when they describe AD causes, symptoms, caregiving, and research risks and benefits.

Results: Both Latino Puerto Ricans and non-Latino Whites recognize AD as a disease of memory loss and other cognitive problems.

Earlier onset of Alzheimer disease symptoms in latino individuals compared with anglo individuals.

Background: Latino individuals are the largest minority group and the fastest growing population group in the United States, yet there are few studies comparing the clinical features of Alzheimer disease (AD) in this population with those found in Anglo (white non-Latino) patients.

Objective: To compare the age at AD symptom onset in Latino and Anglo individuals.

Design: Cross-sectional assessment using standardized methods to collect and compare age at AD symptom onset, demographic variables, and medical variables.