Potent drug delivery enhancement of betulinic acid and NVX-207 into equine skin in vitro - a comparison between a novel oxygen flow-assisted transdermal application device and microemulsion gels.

Background: Gray horses are predisposed to equine malignant melanoma (EMM) with advancing age. Depending on the tumor's location and size, they can cause severe problems (e.g.

Preparation and PET/CT imaging of implant directed Ga-labeled magnetic nanoporous silica nanoparticles.

Background: Implant infections caused by biofilm forming bacteria are a major threat in orthopedic surgery. Delivering antibiotics directly to an implant affected by a bacterial biofilm via superparamagnetic nanoporous silica nanoparticles could present a promising approach. Nevertheless, short blood circulation half-life because of rapid interactions of nanoparticles with the host's immune system hinder them from being clinically used.

Nurse Scheduling with State-of-the Art Open-Source Tools.

Nurse scheduling is still an unsolved issue, as it is NP-hard and highly context-dependent. Despite this fact, the practice needs guidance on how to tackle this problem without using costly commercial tools. Concretely, we have the following use case: a Swiss hospital is planning a new station designed for nurse training.

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of N-Acetylcysteine against Pathogens Most Commonly Associated with Infectious Keratitis in Dogs and Cats.

To determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against common pathogens associated with infectious keratitis in dogs and cats, clinical isolates of (n = 20), (n = 10) and (n = 7) of canine and feline infectious ulcerative keratitis and a quality control strain ( DSM 19880) were tested. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NAC concentrations was determined using microdilution methodology. For and , NAC concentrations in the range of 1.

Stability of Important Veterinary Antibiotics Amoxicillin, Sulfadiazine, and Trimethoprim in Practice-Relevant Model Solutions.

Due to the frequent use of veterinary drugs in animal husbandry, it is important to know their environmental behavior. In this context, little attention has been paid to the stability of the active ingredients in solutions prepared for administration. This is particularly problematic for antibiotics that trigger resistance when administered subtherapeutically.

Influence of PEG Chain Length of Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles on the Cytocompatibility and Immune Competence of Primary Murine Macrophages and Dendritic Cells.

A major drawback of nanoparticles (NPs) for biomedical applications is their preferential phagocytosis in immune cells, which can be avoided by surface modifications like PEGylation. Nevertheless, examinations of different polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain lengths on the competence of immune cells as well as possible immunotoxic effects are still sparse. Therefore, primary murine macrophages and dendritic cells were generated and incubated with magnetic nanoporous silica nanoparticles (MNPSNPs) modified with different mPEG chains (2 kDa, 5 kDa, and 10 kDa).

Effect of an Oxygen-Based Mechanical Drug Delivery System on Percutaneous Permeation of Various Substances In Vitro.

Transdermal drug administration is an elegant method to overcome various side effects of oral or parenteral drug administration. Nevertheless, due to an effective skin barrier, which is provided by the , transdermal drug delivery is sometimes very slow and ineffective. Thus, the effect of a medical device (DERMADROP TDA) for transdermal penetration of drugs in conjunction with a special vehicle emulsion on percutaneous permeation of several substances (with different physicochemical properties) was investigated in Franz-type diffusion cells with porcine skin over 28 h.

FeMn with Phases of a Degradable Ag Alloy for Residue-Free and Adapted Bioresorbability.

The development of bioresorbable materials for temporary implantation enables progress in medical technology. Iron (Fe)-based degradable materials are biocompatible and exhibit good mechanical properties, but their degradation rate is low. Aside from alloying with Manganese (Mn), the creation of phases with high electrochemical potential such as silver (Ag) phases to cause the anodic dissolution of FeMn is promising.

Treatment of pigs with enrofloxacin via different oral dosage forms - environmental contaminations and resistance development of .

Background: Antibacterial agents play important roles in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and carry-over of substances into the environment are several problems arising during oral treatment of bacterial infections. We assessed AMR development in commensal () in enrofloxacin treated and untreated animals.

Innovative Perspectives on Biofilm Interactions in Poultry Drinking Water Systems and Veterinary Antibiotics Used Worldwide.

Prudent use of antibiotics in livestock is widely considered to be important to prevent antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the interactions between biofilms and veterinary antibiotics in therapeutic concentrations administrated via drinking water through a standardized experimental setup. In this context, two biofilms formed by pseudomonads ( () or .

Effects of Topically Applied Betulinic Acid and NVX-207 on Melanocytic Tumors in 18 Horses.

The naturally occurring betulinic acid (BA) and its derivative NVX-207 induce apoptosis in equine melanoma cells in vitro. After topical application, high concentrations of the substances can be reached in healthy equine skin. With the aim to investigate the effect and safety of topically applied BA and NVX-207 in horses with melanocytic tumors, the longitudinal, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study protocol included eighteen Lipizzaner mares with early-stage cutaneous melanoma assigned to three groups.

Influence of the H1 Antihistamine Mepyramine on the Antibacterial Effect of Florfenicol in Pigs.

The effect of florfenicol against () was investigated in vivo to confirm results of an in vitro study of Bruer et al. (2019), which has shown positive effects of various antibacterial agents in combination with the antihistamine mepyramine (MEP). Therefore, pigs were treated in three different settings: An untreated control group, 10 mg/kg florfenicol (FFC) and 10 mg/kg FFC in combination with 20 mg/kg MEP.

Precision-cut bovine udder slices (PCBUS) as an in-vitro-model of an early phase of infection of bovine mastitis.

Background: The aim of this study was to establish precision-cut bovine udder slices (PCBUS) as an in-vitro-model to investigate pathophysiological processes in the early phase of mastitis in order to have the possibility to investigate new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of such udder inflammation in later studies. Furthermore, this model should contribute to substitute in-vivo-experiments. Bovine mastitis is one of the most common and costly infectious diseases in the dairy industry, which is largely associated with the use of antimicrobial agents.

Betulinic acid shows anticancer activity against equine melanoma cells and permeates isolated equine skin in vitro.

Background: Equine malignant melanoma (EMM) is a frequently occurring dermoepidermal tumor in grey horses. Currently available therapies are either challenging or inefficient. Betulinic acid (BA), a naturally occurring triterpenoid, is a promising compound for cancer treatment.

Low-frequency electromagnetic fields as an alternative to sanitize water of drinking systems in poultry production?

Low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF-EMF) may present an alternative to conventional sanitation methods of water supply lines in animal production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of LF-EMF on bacterial concentrations and biofilms at scale-models of different drinking systems (circulating and non-circulating) conventionally used in poultry holdings. Treated systems were equipped with commercial devices producing pulsed electromagnetic signals of low frequency up to 10,000 Hz; max.

In vitro and in vivo accumulation of magnetic nanoporous silica nanoparticles on implant materials with different magnetic properties.

Background: In orthopedic surgery, implant-associated infections are still a major problem. For the improvement of the selective therapy in the infection area, magnetic nanoparticles as drug carriers are promising when used in combination with magnetizable implants and an externally applied magnetic field. These implants principally increase the strength of the magnetic field resulting in an enhanced accumulation of the drug loaded particles in the target area and therewith a reduction of the needed amount and the risk of undesirable side effects.

Influence of dietary zinc on the claw and interdigital skin of sheep.

Claw diseases like interdigital dermatitis and footrot threaten sheep health and are major welfare issues. Several studies mainly done in cattle suggested that zinc (Zn) supplementation may improve claw integrity. However, Zn supplements may differ markedly regarding Zn bioavailability.

Resistance of in Turkeys after Therapeutic or Environmental Exposition with Enrofloxacin Depending on Flooring.

Gaining knowledge about the spread of resistance against antibacterial agents is a primary challenge in livestock farming. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of double antibiotic treatment (at days 10⁻14 and days 26⁻30) with enrofloxacin or solely environmental exposition (identical times, directly into the litter) on resistance against antibacterial agents in commensal in comparison with the control (without treatment), depending on different flooring. A total of 720 Big 6 turkeys participated in three trials.

Effects of different types of flooring design on the development of antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli in fattening turkeys.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different types of flooring designs on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from turkeys treated with enrofloxacin. Two trials were performed with same feed, housing conditions and fattening duration, but with different flooring designs. Furthermore, the first trial was performed in an unchanged environment and the second trial in a changed environment.

Effects of intramuscularly administered enrofloxacin on the susceptibility of commensal intestinal Escherichia coli in pigs (sus scrofa domestica).

Background: In the European Union, various fluoroquinolones are authorised for the treatment of food producing animals. Each administration poses an increased risk of development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of parenteral administration of enrofloxacin on the prevalence of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin susceptibilities in the commensal intestinal E.

Efficient Reduction of Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Fluoroquinolones by Fungal-Mediated N-Oxidation.

Extensive usage of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in livestock results in their occurrence in manure and subsequently in the environment. Fluoroquinolone residues may promote bacterial resistance and are toxic to plants and aquatic organisms. Moreover, fluoroquinolones may enter the food chain through plant uptake, if manure is applied as fertilizer.