Integrative omics identifies conserved and pathogen-specific responses of sepsis-causing bacteria.

Even in the setting of optimal resuscitation in high-income countries severe sepsis and septic shock have a mortality of 20-40%, with antibiotic resistance dramatically increasing this mortality risk. To develop a reference dataset enabling the identification of common bacterial targets for therapeutic intervention, we applied a standardized genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic technological framework to multiple clinical isolates of four sepsis-causing pathogens: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Exposure to human serum generated a sepsis molecular signature containing global increases in fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis and metabolism, consistent with cell envelope remodelling and nutrient adaptation for osmoprotection.

Genomic comparisons of ST131 from Australia.

ST131 is a globally dispersed extraintestinal pathogenic lineage contributing significantly to hospital and community acquired urinary tract and bloodstream infections. Here we describe a detailed phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome sequences of 284 Australian ST131 isolates from diverse sources, including clinical, food and companion animals, wildlife and the environment. Our phylogeny and the results of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis show the typical ST131 clade distribution with clades A, B and C clearly displayed, but no niche associations were observed.

Molecular Analysis of an IncF ColV-Like Plasmid Lineage That Carries a Complex Resistance Locus with a Trackable Genetic Signature.

IncF ColV plasmids are important plasmid incompatibility group that are currently restricted to the Enterobacteriaceae. These plasmids carry an important repertoire of virulence-associated genes (VAGs) that contribute to the ability of avian pathogenic to cause disease in poultry. VAGs found on ColV plasmids have also been linked to urosepsis and meningitis in humans but the mechanisms that elicit these disease conditions are not well understood.

Clonal ST131-22 strains from a healthy pig and a human urinary tract infection carry highly similar resistance and virulence plasmids.

The interplay between food production animals, humans and the environment with respect to the transmission of drug-resistant pathogens is widely debated and poorly understood. Pandemic uropathogenic ST131-H30, with conserved fluoroquinolone and cephalosporin resistance, are not frequently identified in animals. However, the phylogenetic precursor lineage ST131-H22 in animals and associated meat products is being reported with increasing frequency.

Multidrug Resistant Uropathogenic ST405 With a Novel, Composite IS Transposon in a Unique Chromosomal Location.

ST405 is an emerging urosepsis pathogen, noted for carriage of , , and a repertoire of virulence genes comparable with O25b:H4-ST131. Extraintestinal and multidrug resistant ST405 are poorly studied in Australia. Here we determined the genome sequence of a uropathogenic, multiple drug resistant ST405 (strain 2009-27) from the mid-stream urine of a hospital patient in Sydney, Australia, using a combination of Illumina and SMRT sequencing.

Genomic analysis of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli ST58 causing urosepsis.

Sequence type 58 (ST58) phylogroup B1 Escherichia coli have been isolated from a wide variety of mammalian and avian hosts but are not noted for their ability to cause serious disease in humans or animals. Here we determined the genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant E. coli ST58 strains from urine and blood of one patient using a combination of Illumina and Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing.

A draft genome of Escherichia coli sequence type 127 strain 2009-46.

Background: Escherichia coli are a frequent cause of urinary tract infections (UTI) and are thought to have a foodborne origin. E. coli with sequence type 127 (ST127) are emerging pathogens increasingly implicated as a cause of urinary tract infections (UTI) globally.

Genomic interplay in bacterial communities: implications for growth promoting practices in animal husbandry.

The discovery of antibiotics heralded the start of a "Golden Age" in the history of medicine. Over the years, the use of antibiotics extended beyond medical practice into animal husbandry, aquaculture and agriculture. Now, however, we face the worldwide threat of diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to all existing major classes of antibiotic, reflecting the possibility of an end to the antibiotic era.

The importance of teaching and learning resilience in the health disciplines: a critical review of the literature.

This paper, based on a review of the literature, discusses resilience and the application of resilience research to nursing education. The paper advances the educational discourse on professional preparation, arguing that resilience theory should be part of the educational content and taught in a way that promotes reflection and application in order to give students strength, focus and endurance in the workplace. In addition, we argue that resilience and similar qualities ought to be emphasised in clinical experience courses, internships, work integrated learning and other work experience courses.