Duffy blood system and G6PD genetic variants in vivax malaria patients from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

Background: Over a third of the world's population is at risk of Plasmodium vivax-induced malaria. The unique aspect of the parasite's biology and interactions with the human host make it harder to control and eliminate the disease. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and Duffy-negative blood groups are two red blood cell (RBC) variations that can confer protection against malaria.

Bisphosphonate-related Femoral Shaft Fracture.

The efficacy of using bisphosphonate therapy to treat osteoporotic patients is becoming more widely known, but the potential side effects may not be. While this class of drugs is generally safe, concerns have emerged regarding risks of atypical subtrochanteric fractures associated with long-term use. There have been a number of case reports discussing the association of patients on bisphosphonates who suffer a non-traumatic or a low-energy mechanism of injury atypical of subtrochanteric fractures.