Periorbital necrotizing fasciitis: clinical perspectives on nine cases.

A multicenter review of Periorbital Necrotizing Fasciitis including nine cases, aged 41 to 82, mostly female, and mainly post-traumatic or idiopathic. Streptococcus pyogenes was the most frequent pathogen. Treatment involved debridement alongside antibiotic therapy in all cases.

Transorbital Route to Intracranial Space.

The endoscopic superior eyelid transorbital approach has emerged as a notable and increasingly utilized surgical technique in recent years. This chapter presents an overview of the approach, tracing its historical development and highlighting its growing acceptance within the skull base community.Beginning with an introduction and historical perspective, the chapter outlines the evolution of the transorbital approach, shedding light on its origins and the factors driving its adoption.

Endoscopic transorbital approach to the petrous apex: is orbital rim removal worthwhile for the exposure? An anatomical study with illustrative case.

Objective: The endoscopic transorbital approach (ETOA) has been demonstrated to be a feasible ventral route to the petrous apex. Yet, it has been pointed to as a deep and narrow corridor for anterior petrosectomy; particularly, medialization of the instruments can become an issue when targeting the petroclival area. To overcome this limitation, an ETOA with orbital rim removal (ETOA-OR) has been suggested, but not de facto compared, with a transorbital approach without removal of the rim.

Neurophysiologic Monitoring of Oculomotor Nerves During Transorbital Surgery: Proof of Concept and Anatomic Demonstration.

Background And Objectives: Transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery (TONES) is continuously evolving and gaining terrain in approaching different skull base pathologies. The objective of this study was to present our methodology for introducing recording electrodes, which includes a new transconjunctival pathway, to monitor the extraocular muscle function during TONES.

Methods: A translational observational study was performed from an anatomic demonstration focused on the transconjunctival electrode placement technique to a descriptive analysis in our series of 6 patients operated using TONES in association with intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring of the oculomotor nerves from 2017 to 2023.

Endoscopic transorbital approach bone pillars: a comprehensive stepwise anatomical appraisal.

Objective: The endoscopic superior eyelid transorbital approach has garnered significant consideration and gained popularity in recent years. Detailed anatomical knowledge along with clinical experience has allowed refinement of the technique as well as expansion of its indications. Using bone as a consistent reference, the authors identified five main bone pillars that offer access to the different intracranial targeted areas for different pathologies of the skull base, with the aim of enhancing the understanding of the intracranial areas accessible through this corridor.

Combined WNT-activated deep-penetrating/plexiform melanocytoma: insights into clinicopathological and molecular characterization.

Background: A combined deep-penetrating tumour redefined as WNT-activated deep-penetrating/plexiform melanocytoma (DPM), may pose challenging clinical and histological diagnoses.

Objectives: To review the clinicopathological characteristics of combined DPMs and characterize the molecular profile of atypical and malignant forms.

Methods: The study included 51 patients with combined DPMs diagnosed at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and the University of Florence between 2012 and 2020.

Endoscopic Transorbital Approach to the Middle Fossa: Qualitative and Quantitative Anatomic Study.

Background: The endoscopic superior eyelid transorbital route to the skull base is gaining progressive popularity in the neurosurgical community.

Objective: To evaluate the anatomy of the middle cranial fossa from this novel ventral perspective to reach the skull base through the transorbital route and to show limits for possible safe middle fossa drilling from the transorbital route.

Methods: Anatomic study was performed; 5 cadaveric specimens (ie, 10 sides) and 2 dry skulls (ie, 4 sides) were dissected.

Orbital TFE3-Rearranged Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are infrequent mesenchymal neoplasms that have particular histological and immunohistochemical features. Only a few cases have been described in the eye and orbit. This report presents a 28-year-old man who consulted for a painless left orbital mass.

Systemic contribution of inflammatory mediators to the severity of diabetic and uveitic macular edema.

Purpose: To assess whether serum cytokine and growth factor levels are associated with diabetic macular edema (DME) and uveitic macular edema (UME) objective severity.

Methods: Cross-sectional observational study of 81 patients (1 eye/patient) with DME (n=48) and UME (n=33). Macular edema (ME) was defined upon central macular thickness (CMT) ≥ 300 μm on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Systemic Regulatory T Cells and IL-6 as Prognostic Factors for Anatomical Improvement of Uveitic Macular Edema.

Purpose: To investigate whether systemic immune mediators and circulating regulatory T cells (Tregs) could be prognostic factors for anatomic outcomes in macular edema secondary to non-infectious uveitis (UME).

Methods: Multicenter, prospective, observational, 12-month follow-up study of 60 patients with UME. Macular edema was defined as central subfield thickness (CST) > 300 μm measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Predictors for functional and anatomic outcomes in macular edema secondary to non-infectious uveitis.

Aims: We aimed to investigate predictive factors for visual and anatomic outcomes in patients with macular edema secondary to non-infectious uveitis.

Material And Methods: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, observational, 12-month follow-up study. Participants included in the study were adults with non-infectious uveitic macular edema (UME), defined as central subfoveal thickness (CST) of >300 μm as measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and fluid in the macula.

Behavior of hyperreflective foci in non-infectious uveitic macular edema, a 12-month follow-up prospective study.

Background: Hyperreflective foci have been described in OCT imaging of patients with retinal vascular diseases. It has been suggested that they may play a role as a prognostic factor of visual outcomes in these diseases. The purpose of this study is to describe the presence of hyperreflective foci in patients with non-infectious uveitic macular edema and evaluate their behavior after treatment.

Peripheral blood metabolic and inflammatory factors as biomarkers to ocular findings in diabetic macular edema.

Aims: To study the association between peripheral blood metabolic and inflammatory factors and presence of diabetic macular edema (DME) and its related anatomic features in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Material And Methods: Observational cross-sectional study on a proof of concept basis. Seventy-six T2DM included patients were divided based on the presence (n = 58) or absence of DME (n = 18) according to optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Interleukin-22 serum levels are elevated in active scleritis.

Purpose: To evaluate serum cytokine profile from patients with active scleritis in a two-centre prospective case-control study.

Methods: The serum of 20 active scleritis patients not treated with any local, periocular, or systemic immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) was analysed with multiplex assay to determine the levels of 11 cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-5, TNF-α, and TNF-β, and with ELISA to determine the levels of TGF-β1, IL-22, and IL-23. Twenty-five age-matched healthy volunteers were used as controls.

Nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy as an effective treatment of glaucoma related to familial amyloid polyneuropathy.

Purpose: To present the clinical course and treatment by nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) of open-angle glaucoma secondary to familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP).

Patients And Methods: In a series of 10 patients with FAP in a tertiary ophthalmology center, 4 eyes of 3 patients required glaucoma filtration surgery and NPDS with implant, and local intraoperative mitomycin C application was performed. Intraocular pressure and anatomic bleb functionality were measured.