Ceramide concentrations in liver, plasma, and very low-density lipoproteins of humans with severe obesity.

We investigated the relationships between ceramide species concentrations in liver, plasma and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles of humans with obesity as well as the relationships between hepatic fat content and hepatic ceramide concentrations and proportional distribution. Twenty-five obese (body mass index >35 kg/m ) adults participated in this study. Plasma, VLDL and hepatocellular ceramide concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

Adipocyte Proteins and Storage of Endogenous Fatty Acids in Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Severe Obesity.

Objective: This study tested whether substrate concentrations or fatty acid storage proteins predict storage of endogenous lipids in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and upper body subcutaneous adipose tissue (UBSQ) fat.

Methods: The day prior to surgery, 25 patients undergoing bariatric procedures received an infusion of autologous [1- C]triolein-labeled very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, and during surgery, they received a continuous [U- C]palmitate infusion/bolus [9,10- H]palmitate tracer. VAT and UBSQ fat were collected to measure VLDL-triglyceride (TG) storage, direct free fatty acid (FFA) storage rates, CD36 content, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), acyl-CoA synthetase, diacylglycerol acetyl-transferase, and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activities.

Hepatic Fatty Acid Balance and Hepatic Fat Content in Humans With Severe Obesity.

Objective: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease can lead to hepatic inflammation/damage. Understanding the physiological mechanisms that contribute to excess hepatic lipid accumulation may help identify effective treatments.

Design: We recruited 25 nondiabetic patients with severe obesity scheduled for bariatric surgery.

Contribution of very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride fatty acids to postabsorptive free fatty acid flux in obese humans.

Objective: In the fasting state, plasma free fatty acids (FFA) are thought to derive almost exclusively from adipose tissue lipolysis. However, there are mixed reports as to whether the spillover of fatty acids (FA) from very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) hydrolysis contributes significantly to the plasma FFA pool. Because substantial VLDL-TG fatty acid spillover into the plasma FFA pool would profoundly impact the interpretation of isotope dilution measures of FFA flux, we investigated the contribution of VLDL-TG spillover to plasma FFA appearance.

Pancreatic volume is reduced in adult patients with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes.

Context: Pancreatic atrophy is common in longstanding type 1 diabetes, but there are limited data concerning pancreas size at diagnosis.

Objective: Our objective was to determine whether pancreatic size was reduced in patients with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes and assess whether pancreatic volume was related to residual β-cell function or islet autoantibodies.

Design And Setting: We conducted a controlled cohort study with strict inclusion criteria, recruiting from hospital diabetes clinics between 2007 and 2010.