Endometriosis Typology and Ovarian Cancer Risk.

Importance: Endometriosis has been associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer; however, the associations between endometriosis subtypes and ovarian cancer histotypes have not been well-described.

Objective: To evaluate the associations of endometriosis subtypes with incidence of ovarian cancer, both overall and by histotype.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Population-based cohort study using data from the Utah Population Database.

Gaps in Parental Understanding of Sleep Disturbances During Maintenance Therapy for Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in childhood, with survival rates approaching 90%. Sleep disturbance is common among ALL patients, often developing during the initial stages of chemotherapy treatment. While there have been significant efforts to understand and intervene in this issue during survivorship, there is far less research on children who are actively receiving treatment.

Copy number variants and fetal structural abnormalities in stillborn fetuses: A secondary analysis of the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network study.

Objective: To examine the association of placental and fetal DNA copy number variants (CNVs) with fetal structural malformations (FSMs) in stillborn fetuses.

Design: A secondary analysis of stillbirth cases in the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network (SCRN) study.

Setting: Multicenter, 59 hospitals in five geographic regions in the USA.

Cell-free DNA screening for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancy: a large multicenter cohort study.

Background: Analysis of cell-free DNA from maternal blood provides effective screening for trisomy 21 in singleton pregnancies. Data on cell-free DNA screening in twin gestations are promising although limited. In previous twin studies, cell-free DNA screening was primarily performed in the second trimester and many studies did not report chorionicity.

Placental abruption and neonatal anemia.

Objective: Placental abruption can cause maternal blood loss and maternal anemia. It is less certain whether abruption can cause fetal blood loss and neonatal anemia.

Study Design: Retrospective multi-hospital 24-month analysis of women with placental abruption and their neonates.

Neonatal subgaleal hemorrhage: twenty years of trends in incidence, associations, and outcomes.

Background: In 2011, we reported 38 neonates with subgaleal hemorrhage (SH), relating an increasing incidence. It is unclear whether the incidence in our hospitals continued to rise and which risk factors and outcomes are associated with this condition.

Design: We retrospectively analyzed every recognized case of SH in our hospitals from the end of our previous report (2010) to the present (2022).

Familial aggregation of stillbirth: A pedigree analysis of a matched case-control study.

Objective: To determine whether stillbirth aggregates in families and quantify its familial risk using extended pedigrees.

Design: State-wide matched case-control study.

Setting: Utah, United States.

Estimation of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness Against Medically Attended COVID-19 in Pregnancy During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance in the United States.

Importance: Pregnant people are at high risk for severe COVID-19 but were excluded from mRNA vaccine trials; data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) are needed.

Objective: To evaluate the estimated effectiveness of mRNA vaccination against medically attended COVID-19 among pregnant people during Delta and Omicron predominance.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This test-negative, case-control study was conducted from June 2021 to June 2022 in a network of 306 hospitals and 164 emergency department and urgent care (ED/UC) facilities across 10 US states, including 4517 ED/UC encounters and 975 hospitalizations among pregnant people with COVID-19-like illness (CLI) who underwent SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing.

Copy number variants and placental abnormalities in stillborn fetuses: A secondary analysis of the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network study.

Objective: To examine the association of fetal/placental DNA copy number variants (CNVs) with pathologic placental lesions (PPLs) in pregnancies complicated by stillbirth.

Design: A secondary analysis of stillbirth cases in the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network case-control study.

Setting: Multicenter, 59 hospitals in five geographical regions in the USA.

Quantitative longitudinal T2* mapping for assessing placental function and association with adverse pregnancy outcomes across gestation.

Existing methods for evaluating in vivo placental function fail to reliably detect pregnancies at-risk for adverse outcomes prior to maternal and/or fetal morbidity. Here we report the results of a prospective dual-site longitudinal clinical study of quantitative placental T2* as measured by blood oxygen-level dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI). The objectives of this study were: 1) to quantify placental T2* at multiple time points across gestation, and its consistency across sites, and 2) to investigate the association between placental T2* and adverse outcomes.

DLK1: A Novel Biomarker of Placental Insufficiency in Stillbirth and Live Birth.

Objective: Delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1) is a growth factor that is reduced in maternal sera in pregnancies with small for gestational age neonates. We sought to determine if DLK1 is associated with stillbirth (SB), with and without placental insufficiency.

Study Design: A nested case-control study was performed using maternal sera from a multicenter case-control study of SB and live birth (LB).

Nonrapid eye movement sleep characteristics and relations with motor, memory, and cognitive ability from infancy to preadolescence.

Sleep plays a critical role in neural neurodevelopment. Hallmarks of sleep reflected in the electroencephalogram during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep are associated with learning processes, cognitive ability, memory, and motor functioning. Research in adults is well-established; however, the role of NREM sleep in childhood is less clear.

Fetomaternal hemorrhage: Evidence from a multihospital healthcare system that up to 40% of severe cases are missed.

Background: We previously reported fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) in 1/9160 births, and only one neonatal death from FMH among 219,853 births. Recent reports indicate FMH is not uncommon among stillbirths. Consequently, we speculated we were missing cases among early neonatal deaths.

Recurrence Risk of Fetal Growth Restriction: Management of Subsequent Pregnancies.

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common obstetric complication that predisposes to mortality across the lifespan. Women with a prior pregnancy affected by FGR have a 20% to 30% risk of recurrence, but effective preventive strategies are lacking. Pharmacologic interventions to prevent FGR are lacking.

Fetal Growth and Stillbirth.

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common clinical manifestation of placental insufficiency. As such, FGR is a risk factor for stillbirth. This association has been demonstrated in numerous studies but is prone to overestimation because of the possibility of prolonged in utero retention before the recognition of the fetal death.

Characteristics of Stillbirths Associated With Diabetes in a Diverse U.S. Cohort.

Objective: To characterize stillbirths associated with pregestational diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a large, prospective, U.S. case-control study.

Stillbirth: Evaluation and Follow-up.

A systematic, effective stillbirth evaluation is important for identification of potential causes of fetal death. Knowledge of potential causes of fetal death facilitates emotional closure for patients and informs recurrence risk as well as future pregnancy management. The highest-yield components of a stillbirth evaluation for finding a cause of fetal death are fetal autopsy, placental pathology, and genetic testing.

Umbilical Cord Abnormalities and Stillbirth.

Objective: Umbilical cord abnormalities are commonly cited as a cause of stillbirth, but details regarding these stillbirths are rare. Our objective was to characterize stillbirths associated with umbilical cord abnormalities using rigorous criteria and to examine associated risk factors.

Methods: The Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network conducted a case-control study of stillbirth and live births from 2006 to 2008.

Stillbirth Associated With Infection in a Diverse U.S. Cohort.

Objective: To better characterize infection-related stillbirth in terms of pathogenesis and microbiology.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of 512 stillbirths in a prospective, multisite, geographically, racially and ethnically diverse, population-based study of stillbirth in the United States. Cases underwent evaluation that included maternal interview, chart abstraction, biospecimen collection, fetal autopsy, and placental pathology.