Mortality Among Veterans Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Veterans Administration Traumatic Brain Injury Model System Study.

Few studies have examined long-term mortality following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a military population. This is a secondary analysis of a prospective, longitudinal study that examines long-term mortality (up to 10 years) post-TBI, including analyses of life expectancy, causes of death, and risk factors for death in service members and veterans (SM/V) who survived the acute TBI and inpatient rehabilitation. Among 922 participants in the study, the mortality rate was 8.

Longitudinal Investigation of Alexithymia as a Predictor of Empathy, Emotional Functioning, Resilience, and Life Satisfaction 2 Years After Brain Injury.

Objective: To examine the unique contribution of alexithymia at 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI) to the prospective prediction of emotional and social health outcomes at 2 years after injury.

Design: Multicenter, longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: Data were collected during year 1 and year 2 postinjury follow-up interviews across 4 TBI Model System centers.

Comparison of One-Year Postinjury Mobility Outcomes Between Locomotor Training and Usual Care After Motor Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury.

Objectives: To compare 1-year mobility outcomes of individuals with traumatic motor incomplete spinal cord injury (miSCI) who participated in standardized locomotor training (LT) within the first year of injury to those who did not.

Methods: This retrospective case-control analysis conducted with six US rehabilitation hospitals used SCI Model Systems (SCIMS) data comparing 1-year postinjury outcomes between individuals with miSCI who participated in standardized LT to those who received usual care (UC). Participants were matched on age, gender, injury year, mode of mobility, and rehabilitation center.

The Interaction of Opiate Misuse and Marijuana Use on Behavioral Health Outcomes Using the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Pain Collaborative Dataset.

Objective: To determine if the interaction of opiate misuse and marijuana use frequency is associated with behavioral health outcomes.

Setting: Community.

Participants: Three thousand seven hundred fifty participants enrolled in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems who completed the Pain Survey and had complete opioid use and marijuana use information.

Characterizing Extreme Phenotypes for Perceived Improvement From Treatment in Persons With Chronic Pain Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A NIDILRR and VA TBI Model Systems Collaborative Project.

Objective: To define and characterize extreme phenotypes based on perceived improvement in pain for persons with chronic pain following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Eighteen Traumatic Brain Injury Model System (TBIMS) Centers.

Participants: A total of 1762 TBIMS participants 1 to 30 years post-injury reporting chronic pain at their most recent follow-up interview.

Characterizing Extreme Phenotypes for Pain Interference in Persons With Chronic Pain Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A NIDILRR and VA TBI Model Systems Collaborative Project.

Objective: To define and characterize extreme phenotypes based on pain interference for persons with chronic pain following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Eighteen Traumatic Brain Injury Model System (TBIMS) Centers.

Participants: A total of 1762 TBIMS participants 1 to 30 years post-injury reporting chronic pain at their most recent follow-up interview.

Relationship Between Extreme Pain Phenotypes and Psychosocial Outcomes in Persons With Chronic Pain Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A NIDILRR and VA TBI Model Systems Collaborative Project.

Objective: To examine the relationship between extreme pain phenotypes (interference and improvement) and psychosocial outcomes among those with chronic pain after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Community.

Participants: In total, 1762 TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) participants 1 to 30 years postinjury reporting chronic pain.

Determining the Minimally Clinically Important Difference for the Disability Rating Scale in Persons With Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury.

The Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) is accepted as the primary outcome measure in registrational studies for traumatic brain injury (TBI). The Disability Rating Scale (DRS) is used to assess functional progress from initial acute injury, through rehabilitation and reintegration into the community and life. For these reasons, the DRS is an alternative measure for assessing meaningful global outcomes in chronic TBI.

Traumatic brain injury as a chronic disease: insights from the United States Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Research Program.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health priority, associated with substantial burden. Historically conceptualised as an injury event with finite recovery, TBI is now recognised as a chronic condition that can affect multiple domains of health and function, some of which might deteriorate over time. Many people who have had a TBI remain moderately to severely disabled at 5 years, are rehospitalised up to 10 years post-injury, and have a reduced lifespan relative to the general population.

Comparison of veterans affairs and NIDILRR traumatic brain injury model systems participants with disorders of consciousness.

Objective: To characterize demographic, pre-injury, and outcome data within the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR) and Veterans Affairs (VA) Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS) cohorts with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with no command-following ability at time of admission to acute rehabilitation.

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: NIDILRR and VA TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) centers.

Feasibility of virtual reality and treadmill training in traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled pilot trial.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of treadmill training with virtual reality compared to treadmill training alone and standard of care balance and mobility treatment in chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Participants And Design: Thirty-one individuals with chronic TBI with self-reported and objective balance deficits participated in a 4-week 12 session intervention of treadmill training with virtual reality, treadmill training alone, or standard of care overground therapy.

Outcome Measures: Primary measures included recruitment and enrollment rates, retention, tolerance to intervention, completeness of outcome measures, and adverse events.

The Association Between Payer Source and Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation Outcomes: A TBI Model Systems Study.

Objective: To examine the relationship between payer source for acute rehabilitation, residential median household income (MHI), and outcomes at rehabilitation discharge after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Acute inpatient rehabilitation facilities.

Participants: In total, 8558 individuals enrolled in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS) National Database who were admitted to inpatient rehabilitation between 2006 and 2019 and were younger than 64 years.

Health and cognition among adults with and without Traumatic Brain Injury: A matched case-control study.

Objectives: To evaluate associations between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and presence of health conditions, and to compare associations of health and cognition between TBI cases and controls.

Methods: This matched case-control study used data from the TBI Model Systems National Database (TBI cases) and Midlife in the United States II and Refresher studies (controls).  248 TBI cases were age-, sex-, race-, and education-matched without replacement to three controls.

Longitudinal Patterns of Alcohol Use Following Traumatic Brain Injury in an Active Duty and Young Veteran Military Sample: A VA TBI Model Systems Study.

Objective: To describe alcohol use among younger military active duty service members and veterans (SMVs) in the first 5 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and examine whether differential alcohol use patterns emerge as a function of brain injury severity and active duty service at time of injury.

Setting: Veterans Affairs (VA) Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers (PRCs).

Participants: In total, 265 SMVs enrolled in the VA Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS) PRC national database.

A comparison of one year outcomes between standardized locomotor training and usual care after motor incomplete spinal cord injury: Community participation, quality of life and re-hospitalization.

Context/objective: Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in a significant loss of mobility and independence coinciding with reports of decreased quality of life (QOL), community participation, and medical complications often requiring re-hospitalization. Locomotor training (LT), the repetition of stepping-like patterning has shown beneficial effects for improving walking ability after motor incomplete SCI, but the potential impact of LT on psychosocial outcomes has not been well-established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate one year QOL, community participation and re-hospitalization outcomes between individuals who participated in a standardized LT program and those who received usual care (UC).

Prevalence of Drinking Within Low-Risk Guidelines During the First 2 Years After Inpatient Rehabilitation for Moderate or Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

The objective of this retrospective, longitudinal study was to investigate the prevalence of drinking within the recommended limits (i.e., low-risk drinking) after moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Race/Ethnicity and Community Participation Among Veterans and Service Members With Traumatic Brain Injury: A VA Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study.

Objective: To examine racial/ethnic disparities in community participation among veterans and active duty service members with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Five Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers (PRCs). Participants: Three hundred forty-two community-dwelling adults (251 White, 34 Black, and 57 Hispanic) with TBI enrolled in the VA TBIMS National Database who completed a 1-year follow-up interview.

Primary Language and Participation Outcomes in Hispanics With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study.

Objective: To examine the relationship between primary language and participation outcomes in English- and Spanish-speaking persons with complicated mild to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) at 1 year post-injury.

Setting: Community following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.

Participants: A total of 998 Hispanic participants with outcomes available at year 1 follow-up; 492 (49%) indicated English as their primary language and 506 (51%) indicated Spanish as their primary language.