An evaluation of treatment response and remission definitions in adult obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and individual-patient data meta-analysis.

Introduction: Expert consensus operationalized treatment response and remission in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as a Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) reduction ≥35% and score ≤12 with ≤2 on Clinical Global Impressions Improvement (CGI-I) and Severity (CGI-S) scales, respectively. However, there has been scant empirical evidence supporting these definitions.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with OCD to determine optimal Y-BOCS thresholds for response and remission.

Effects of Exogenous Erythropoietin on Rabbit () Hematological and Biochemical Parameters.

Rabbits can develop anemia due to serial phlebotomy or secondary to induced disease states. This study evaluated the effects of a single injection and three consecutive injections of erythropoietin in rabbits at 150 IU/kg and 1,000 IU/kg in order to determine whether these dosages produce a sustained increase in hematocrit. Analysis of CBC and chemistry parameters showed significant elevation in hematocrit one week after administration of 1,000 IU/kg erythropoietin for three consecutive days.

Characteristics of trichotillomania and excoriation disorder across the lifespan.

Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) and excoriation (skin-picking) disorder are body-focused repetitive behaviors, which often first present in adolescence and cause distress and impairment into adulthood. Few studies have examined the clinical characteristics of the co-occurrence of these conditions across the lifespan. We examined cross-sectional survey responses collected from April 2018-February 2020 to evaluate the relationship between trichotillomania, excoriation disorder, and their co-occurrence.

Comparative efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of children, adolescents, and young adults with Tourette's syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: In clinical practice guidelines there is no consensus about the medications that should be initially offered to children and young people with Tourette's syndrome. To provide a rigorous evidence base that could help guide decision making and guideline development, we aimed to compare the efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability of pharmacological interventions for Tourette's syndrome.

Methods: For this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.

Prevalence and gender distribution of trichotillomania: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Epidemiological studies have provided varying prevalence estimates of trichotillomania (TTM) and other hair-pulling behaviors. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide data-driven prevalence estimates of TTM and hair-pulling. PubMed, PsycInfo and Embase were searched on June 2020 (updated in November 2021).

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: An Empirical Approach to Defining Treatment Response and Remission in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Objective: A lack of universal definitions for response and remission in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has hampered the comparability of results across trials. To address this problem, we conducted an individual participant data diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis to evaluate the discriminative ability of the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) in determining response and remission. We also aimed to generate empirically derived cutoffs on the CY-BOCS for these outcomes.

Glutamate Systems in DSM-5 Anxiety Disorders: Their Role and a Review of Glutamate and GABA Psychopharmacology.

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors and benzodiazepines are evidence-based pharmacological treatments for Anxiety Disorders targeting serotonin and GABAergic systems, respectively. Although clearly effective, these medications fail to improve anxiety symptoms in a significant proportion of patients. New insights into the glutamate system have directed attention toward drugs that modulate glutamate as potential alternative treatments for anxiety disorders.

Systematic review and meta-analysis: effects of maternal separation on anxiety-like behavior in rodents.

The mechanisms by which childhood maltreatment increases anxiety is unclear, but a propensity for increased defensive behavior in rodent models of early life stress (ELS) suggests that work in rodents may clarify important mechanistic details about this association. A key challenge in studying the effects of ELS on defensive behavior in rodents is the plethora of inconsistent results. This is particularly prominent with the maternal separation (MS) literature, one of the most commonly used ELS models in rodents.

Pharmacological and behavioral treatment for trichotillomania: An updated systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Trichotillomania (TTM) is a difficult-to-treat psychiatric condition with no first-line medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Individuals with TTM often feel that clinicians know little about this disorder. Here, we present an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining treatments for TTM.

Measuring Treatment Response in Pediatric Trichotillomania: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials.

In clinical trials of pediatric trichotillomania (TTM), three instruments are typically employed to rate TTM severity: (1) the Massachusetts General Hospital Hair Pulling Scale (MGH-HPS), (2) the National Institute of Mental Health Trichotillomania Severity Scale (NIMH-TSS), and (3) the Trichotillomania Scale for Children (TSC). These instruments lack standardized definitions of treatment response, which lead researchers to determine their own definitions of response and potentially inflate results. We performed a meta-analysis to provide empirically determined accuracy measures for percentage reduction cut points in these three instruments.

Meta-analysis: Adulthood prevalence of Tourette syndrome.

Background: Tourette syndrome (TS) is estimated to have a prevalence of 0.30-0.77% in school aged children.

Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: Gestational Weight Gain as a Risk Factor for Adolescents Who Are Overweight or Obese.

Introduction: Obesity is a risk factor for adverse physical health outcomes during pregnancy. Much less is known about the association between obesity and maternal mental health. Evidence suggests that prenatal depression is associated with excessive weight gain during pregnancy and that this relationship may vary according to pregravid body mass index (BMI).

Robotic retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy: useful modifications of the described posterior approach.

Herein we describe a technique modification of the robotic posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy (RPRA). Three patients presented to our clinic with adrenal lesions. The average BMI and tumor size was 29.

Cost savings of reduced constipation rates attributed to increased dietary fiber intakes: a decision-analytic model.

Background: Nearly five percent of Americans suffer from functional constipation, many of whom may benefit from increasing dietary fiber consumption. The annual constipation-related healthcare cost savings associated with increasing intakes may be considerable but have not been examined previously. The objective of the present study was to estimate the economic impact of increased dietary fiber consumption on direct medical costs associated with constipation.

Antagonism of type I interferon responses by new world hantaviruses.

Evasion of interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral signaling is a common defense strategy for pathogenic RNA viruses. To date, research on IFN antagonism by hantaviruses is limited and has focused on only a subset of the numerous recognized hantavirus species. The host IFN response has two phases, an initiation phase, resulting in the induction of alpha/beta IFN (IFN-α/β), and an amplification phase, whereby IFN-α/β signals through the Jak/STAT pathway, resulting in the establishment of the cellular antiviral state.

How frequently should workplace spirometry screening be performed?: optimization via analytic models.

Background: Our objective was to determine how to select the optimal frequency of workplace spirometry screening using diacetyl-exposed workers as an example.

Methods: A Markov model was constructed to assess the likelihood of progressing from healthy status to early or advanced disease, starting from four different exposure levels, and performing longitudinal or cross-sectional interpretation of spirometry results over time. Projected outcomes at 10 years were evaluated to inform the optimal frequency of workplace spirometry testing.

Occupational risk of exposure to rodent-borne hantavirus at US forest service facilities in California.

Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is a frequently fatal viral disease transmitted through rodent secretions and excretions. Working around deer mice can increase risk of infection. This study assessed potential risk of HCPS at facilities occupied by the US Forest Service (USFS) in California.

The benzodiazepine alprazolam dissociates contextual fear from cued fear in humans as assessed by fear-potentiated startle.

Background: The startle reflex is potentiated by aversive states. It has been proposed that phasic startle potentiation to a threat cue and sustained startle potentiation to contextual stimuli reflect distinct processes mediated by different brain structures. The present study tested the hypothesis that alprazolam would reduce the sustained startle potentiation to contextual threats but not the startle potentiation to a threat cue.

Mucin core O-glycosylation is modulated by neighboring residue glycosylation status. Kinetic modeling of the site-specific glycosylation of the apo-porcine submaxillary mucin tandem repeat by UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases T1 and T2.

The influence of peptide sequence and environment on the initiation and elongation of mucin O-glycosylation is not well understood. The in vivo glycosylation pattern of the porcine submaxillary gland mucin (PSM) tandem repeat containing 31 O-glycosylation sites (Gerken, T. A.