Effect of Dibasic Calcium Phosphate Incorporation on Cellulose Nanocrystal/Chitosan Hydrogel Properties for the Treatment of Vertebral Compression Fractures.

Vertebral compression fractures account for approximately 700,000 out of the 1.5 million total osteoporotic fractures that occur annually in the USA. There is growing interest in substituting currently utilized clinical treatments for vertebral compression fractures with an injectable, degradable, and bioactive system.

Calcium and phosphate ions as simple signaling molecules with versatile osteoinductivity.

Due to the continually increasing clinical need to heal large bone defects, synthetic bone graft substitutes have become ever more necessary with calcium phosphates (CaP) widely used due to their similarity to the mineral component of bone. In this research, different concentrations of calcium ions (Ca), phosphate ions (P), or their combination were provided to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to evaluate their influence on proliferation and differentiation. The results suggest that 1-16 mM Ca and 1-8 mM P is osteoinductive, but not cytotoxic.