Association of Intrauterine Device Malposition With Previous Cesarean Delivery and Related Uterine Anatomical Changes.

Objectives: We sought to determine the association between intrauterine device (IUD) malposition and previous cesarean delivery (CD) and related uterine anatomical changes.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of all persons with an IUD presenting for two- and three-dimensional pelvic ultrasonography over 2 years, for any gynecologic indication, was compiled. IUD malposition was defined as IUD partially or completely positioned outside the endometrial cavity.

Use of endoscopic plication to repair a dysfunctional gastric conduit.

Video 1Full length video showing the use of endoscopic plication to repair a dysfunctional gastric conduit.

Cancer-Immunity Marker RNA Expression Levels across Gynecologic Cancers: Implications for Immunotherapy.

Our objective was to characterize cancer-immunity marker expression in gynecologic cancers and compare immune landscapes between gynecologic tumor subtypes and with nongynecologic solid tumors. RNA expression levels of 51 cancer-immunity markers were analyzed in patients with gynecologic cancers versus nongynecologic cancers, and normalized to a reference population of 735 control cancers, ranked from 0 to 100, and categorized as low (0-24), moderate (25-74), or high (75-100) percentile rank. Of the 72 patients studied, 43 (60%) had ovarian, 24 (33%) uterine, and 5 (7%) cervical cancer.

Cancer immunity marker RNA expression levels across gynecologic cancers: Implications for immunotherapy.

Our objective was to characterize cancer immunity marker expression in gynecologic cancers and compare immune landscapes between gynecologic tumor subtypes and with non-gynecologic solid tumors. RNA expression levels of 51 cancer-immunity markers were analyzed in patients with gynecologic cancers vs. non-gynecologic cancers, and normalized to a reference population of 735 control cancers, ranked from 0-100, and categorized as low (0-24), moderate (25-74), or high (75-100) percentile rank.

Vaccine Strategies for Human Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Neck Cancers.

The rising incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers (OPSCC) in the United States is largely attributed to HPV. Prophylactic HPV vaccines have demonstrated effectiveness against oral infection of HPV 16 and HPV 18. We review the global epidemiology and biology of HPV-related cancers as well as the development of HPV vaccines and their use worldwide.

Practice patterns and survival in FIGO 2009 stage 3B endometrial cancer.

Objective: To describe the practice patterns and outcomes of patients with stage 3B endometrial cancer.

Methods: We queried the National Cancer Database for all surgically staged, stage 3 patients between 2012 and 2016. Patients who received any pre-operative therapy were excluded.

Trends and geographic variation in women's representation as principal investigators (PI) in phase 3 gynecologic oncology clinical trials.

Objective: To investigate the representation of women as principal investigators (PI) in phase 3, gynecologic oncology clinical trials.

Methods: ClinicalTrials.gov was queried for all phase 3 clinical trials with start dates between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2020 using the search terms: "ovarian cancer", "endometrial cancer", and "cervical cancer".

Association of obesity with illness severity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Although recent studies have shown an association between obesity and adverse coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient outcomes, there is a paucity in large studies focusing on hospitalized patients. We aimed to analyze outcomes associated with obesity in a large cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study at a tertiary care health system of adult patients with COVID-19 who were admitted between March 1 and April 30, 2020.

Assessment of malnutrition by unintentional weight loss and its implications on oncologic outcomes in patient with locally advanced cervical cancer receiving primary chemoradiation.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence, risk factors for, and clinical implications of unintentional weight loss on oncologic outcomes in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) treated with concurrent chemotherapy and contemporary radiation techniques.

Methods: This a single-institution, retrospective cohort study of patients with LACC who received definitive chemoradiation (CRT) from 2010 to 2015. Clinicopathologic factors were abstracted by chart review and characterized using descriptive statistics.

HIPEC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking is associated with development of platinum-refractory or -resistant disease.

Objective: To describe our single-institution oncologic outcomes of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and interval debulking surgery (IDS) with or without hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).

Methods: We compared clinicopathologic information and outcomes for all patients with advanced stage, high-grade serous ovarian cancer who received NACT and IDS with (N = 20) or without (N = 48) HIPEC at our institution from 2010 to 2019 RESULTS: Mean age (62 years with HIPEC and 60 years without HIPEC) and proportion of stage 4 disease (40% for both) did not differ between cohorts. HIPEC patients had higher rates of complete cytoreduction (95% vs 50%), longer mean duration of surgery (530 vs.

Charting a professional course for academic gynecologic oncology mentors.

Objectives: To describe the transition from a mentee to mentor role in a cohort of academic gynecologic oncologists by studying the evolution of authorship placement in peer reviewed publications by current gynecologic oncology (GO) fellowship directors.

Methods: Current GO fellowship directors were identified from the ACGME website. A Pubmed search identified all publications by all listed fellowship directors.

The Changing Landscape of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines-Novel Platforms and Neoantigen Identification.

Therapeutic cancer vaccines, an exciting development in cancer immunotherapy, share the goal of creating and amplifying tumor-specific T-cell responses, but significant obstacles still remain to their success. Here, we briefly outline the principles underlying cancer vaccine therapy with a focus on novel vaccine platforms and antigens, underscoring the renewed optimism. Numerous strategies have been investigated to overcome immunosuppressive mechanisms of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and counteract tumor escape, including improving antigen selection, refining delivery platforms, and use of combination therapies.

Current status of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for ovarian cancer in the United States.

Objectives: 1.) To compare frequency of HIPEC use in ovarian cancer treatment before and after publication of the phase III study by van Driel et al. in January 2018.

Evaluating When and Why Patients Discontinue Chronic Therapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation and Chronic Idiopathic Constipation.

Introduction: To inform the patient-centered discussion regarding comparative outcomes with irritable bowel syndrome/chronic idiopathic constipation pharmacotherapy, we evaluated reasons and timing of discontinuation of FDA-approved pharmacotherapy for irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation in a large observational real-world cohort.

Methods: We identified patients initiating lubiprostone or linaclotide within the University of Michigan Electronic Medical Record (2012-2016). Medication start and stop dates were determined in manual chart review including detailed review of all documentation including office notes and telephone encounters.

Spine morphogenesis in newborn granule cells is differentially regulated in the outer and middle molecular layers.

New neurons are continuously added to the hippocampus of adult mammals. Their survival and integration into the circuitry are highly dependent on experience. Here we show that mushroom spine formation in newborn granule cells was modulated by experience and that dendritic segments in different areas of the molecular layer were differentially regulated.

Modelling schizophrenia using human induced pluripotent stem cells.

Schizophrenia (SCZD) is a debilitating neurological disorder with a world-wide prevalence of 1%; there is a strong genetic component, with an estimated heritability of 80-85%. Although post-mortem studies have revealed reduced brain volume, cell size, spine density and abnormal neural distribution in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of SCZD brain tissue and neuropharmacological studies have implicated dopaminergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic activity in SCZD, the cell types affected in SCZD and the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease state remain unclear. To elucidate the cellular and molecular defects of SCZD, we directly reprogrammed fibroblasts from SCZD patients into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and subsequently differentiated these disorder-specific hiPSCs into neurons (Supplementary Fig.