Microbial populations vary between the upper and lower respiratory tract, but not within biogeographic regions of the lung of healthy horses.

Understanding normal microbial populations within areas of the respiratory tract is essential, as variable regional conditions create different niches for microbial flora, and proliferation of commensal microbes likely contributes to clinical respiratory disease. The objective was to describe microbial population variability between respiratory tract locations in healthy horses. Samples were collected from four healthy adult horses by nasopharyngeal lavage (NPL), transtracheal aspirate (TTA), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of six distinct regions within the lung.

A Gram-negative-selective antibiotic that spares the gut microbiome.

Infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens are increasingly prevalent and are typically treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, resulting in disruption of the gut microbiome and susceptibility to secondary infections. There is a critical need for antibiotics that are selective both for Gram-negative bacteria over Gram-positive bacteria, as well as for pathogenic bacteria over commensal bacteria. Here we report the design and discovery of lolamicin, a Gram-negative-specific antibiotic targeting the lipoprotein transport system.

Differential gene expression in response to fungal pathogen exposure in the aquatic invertebrate, .

While vertebrate immune systems are appreciated for their complexity and adaptability, invertebrate immunity is often considered to be less complex. However, immune responses in many invertebrates likely involve sophisticated processes. Interactions between the crustacean host and its fungal pathogen provide an excellent model for exploring the mechanisms underlying crustacean immunity.

Homemade bread: Repurposing an ancient technology for in vitro tissue engineering.

Numerous biomaterial scaffolds have been developed which provide architectures to support the proliferation of mammalian cells. Scaffolds derived from plant components have been utilized in several tissue engineering applications, including the production of cultured meats. Bread crumb is a common ingredient employed as a texturizer and filler in existing manufacturing processes for the production of animal meat products.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of NaMnF particles with tuneable morphologies.

Here, the synthesis of sub-micron MMnF (M = Na or K) particles by a rapid microwave-assisted approach is reported. Adjustment of the Na-to-Mn ratio in the reaction mixture yielded tuneable morphologies, , rods, ribbons, and plates. Relaxometric results indicated that poly(acrylic acid)-capped MMnF particles exhibited characteristic magnetic properties, which endows them with potential -weighted contrast agent capabilities.

Using a multiple-delivery-mode training approach to develop local capacity and infrastructure for advanced bioinformatics in Africa.

With more microbiome studies being conducted by African-based research groups, there is an increasing demand for knowledge and skills in the design and analysis of microbiome studies and data. However, high-quality bioinformatics courses are often impeded by differences in computational environments, complicated software stacks, numerous dependencies, and versions of bioinformatics tools along with a lack of local computational infrastructure and expertise. To address this, H3ABioNet developed a 16S rRNA Microbiome Intermediate Bioinformatics Training course, extending its remote classroom model.

Genome biology of the paleotetraploid perennial biomass crop Miscanthus.

Miscanthus is a perennial wild grass that is of global importance for paper production, roofing, horticultural plantings, and an emerging highly productive temperate biomass crop. We report a chromosome-scale assembly of the paleotetraploid M. sinensis genome, providing a resource for Miscanthus that links its chromosomes to the related diploid Sorghum and complex polyploid sugarcanes.

The Effect of Sterically Active Ligand Substituents on Gas Adsorption within a Family of 3D Zn-Based Coordination Polymers.

An investigation of the adsorption properties of two structurally related, 3D coordination polymers of composition Zn(2-Mehba) and Zn(2,6-Mehba) (2-Mehba = the dianion of 2-methyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 2,6-Mehba = the dianion of 2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid) is presented. A common feature of these structures are parallel channels that are able to accommodate appropriately sized guest molecules. The structures differ with respect to the steric congestion within the channels arising from methyl groups appended to the bridging ligands of the network.

Field pathogenomics of head blight reveals pathogen transcriptome differences due to host resistance.

head blight (FHB), caused by and other species, is a detrimental disease that affects small grains such as wheat around the world. Management of FHB is difficult, and surveillance as well as a better understanding of pathogen aggressiveness is needed for improved control. disease severity varies depending on the resistance of the host genotype.

Sequencing Framework for the Sensitive Detection and Precise Mapping of Defective Interfering Particle-Associated Deletions across Influenza A and B Viruses.

The mechanisms and consequences of defective interfering particle (DIP) formation during influenza virus infection remain poorly understood. The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has made it possible to identify large numbers of DIP-associated sequences, providing a powerful tool to better understand their biological relevance. However, NGS approaches pose numerous technical challenges, including the precise identification and mapping of deletion junctions in the presence of frequent mutation and base-calling errors, and the potential for numerous experimental and computational artifacts.

An exploration of applicant perceptions of asynchronous video MMIs in medical selection.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Over the last two decades, technological advancements internationally have meant that the Internet has become an important medium for recruitment and selection.

Self-assembly of a Si-based cage by the formation of 24 equivalent covalent bonds.

A robust, nano-sized covalent cage, of composition, [(PhSi)(ctc)] (Hctc = cyclotricatechylene) has been prepared in a simple reaction in good yield. The tetrahedral anionic cage is stable in both the solid and solution state and exhibits an affinity for Cs ions which bind to the internal surface of the cage.

Worm-to-Sphere Shape Transition of Thermoresponsive Linear Molecular Bottlebrushes in Moderately Concentrated Aqueous Solution.

Molecular bottlebrushes have been shown to exhibit intriguing worm-to-sphere shape transitions in response to external stimuli. However, such shape changing has been restricted to dilute solutions, typically <1.0 mg/g, or at interfaces.

From Single-Payer to All-Payer: Why Vermont's Reform Efforts Matter to U.S. Nurses and Their Patients.

In October 2016, the State of Vermont signed an unprecedented agreement (The All-Payer Accountable Care Model) with the Federal Government to completely reform how health care is delivered and paid for in Vermont. This innovative agreement builds on sweeping 2011 legislation that set Vermont on a course towards payment reform designed to eliminate the fragmentation, overtreatment, and high costs associated with fee-for-service reimbursement. The strong emphasis on care coordination, preventative care, the patient experience, and population health ensures a crucial and growing role for nurses in this innovative environment and provides a model to inform the nation.

Complete tracheal transection following blunt trauma in a pediatric patient.

Tracheal injury from blunt trauma is a rare, life-threatening condition in pediatric patients. Rapid assessment and identification of the severity of the injury will increase the likelihood of survival. Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and persistent pneumothoraces after chest tube placement should be considered in the index of suspicion for tracheal injury.

Do images of 'watching eyes' induce behaviour that is more pro-social or more normative? A field experiment on littering.

Displaying images of eyes causes people to behave more pro-socially in a variety of contexts. However, it is unclear whether eyes work by making people universally more pro-social, or by making them more likely to conform to local norms. If the latter, images of eyes could sometimes make people less pro-social if pro-social behaviour is not the local norm.

English semantic word-pair norms and a searchable Web portal for experimental stimulus creation.

As researchers explore the complexity of memory and language hierarchies, the need to expand normed stimulus databases is growing. Therefore, we present 1,808 words, paired with their features and concept-concept information, that were collected using previously established norming methods (McRae, Cree, Seidenberg, & McNorgan Behavior Research Methods 37:547-559, 2005). This database supplements existing stimuli and complements the Semantic Priming Project (Hutchison, Balota, Cortese, Neely, Niemeyer, Bengson, & Cohen-Shikora 2010).

Attendance at a psychological support group for people with multiple sclerosis and low mood.

Purpose: A cognitive behavioural group promoting psychological adjustment for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) was found to reduce psychological distress. Not all those offered treatment attended the group sessions. The aims were to examine the rates of attendance and to evaluate feedback from participants.

A highly symmetric diamond-like assembly of cyclotricatechylene-based tetrahedral cages.

The combination of six Cu(II) centres with four cyclotricatechylene (ctc(6-)) ligands generates large (Cu(6)ctc(4))(12-) cages with the topology of the tetrahedron. The anionic tetrahedral cages are cemented together, triangular face to triangular face, by Na(+) cations together with water molecules to generate a highly symmetric diamond-like assembly (space group Fd-3m, the same as that of diamond itself) whose adamantane-like units have an iodide ion at the centre of every cyclohexane-like face.

Evaluation of an adjustment group for people with multiple sclerosis and low mood: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Mood problems affect many people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a group treatment based on cognitive behavioural principles.

Methods: People with MS were screened on the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD).

Do community factors have a differential impact on the health outcomes of boys and girls? Evidence from rural Pakistan.

In countries with large gender disparities in health status, can investments in local communities mitigate the gender bias observed in intra-household resource allocations? This paper explores the evidence for gender differences in the impact of community prices and infrastructure on child nutritional outcomes. Standardized heights and weights of rural Pakistani children are used as health indicators, while community factors include wheat prices, availability of piped water, accessibility of shops and government health clinics and the quality of the closest health facilities. The results suggest that food subsidies and programmes designed to improve the access and quality of local services may reduce the impact of intra-household gender bias on child nutrition, particularly in the long run.

Presentation of pediatric celiac disease in the United States: prominent effect of breastfeeding.

Childhood celiac disease (CD) is considered rare in the United States. Consequently there are few data concerning its clinical presentation. A validated questionnaire was distributed to families of children with CD.