How Female Is the Future of Urology? Projecting Various Trajectories of the United States Urology Workforce.

Objective: To project the number and proportion of women in the urology workforce using recent demographic trends and develop an app to explore updated projections using future data.

Methods: Demographic data were obtained from AUA Censuses and ACGME Data Resource Books. The proportion of female graduating urology residents was characterized with a logistic growth model.

Bladder Agenesis and Bilateral Ectopic Ureters in an Infant Male With Cystic Renal Dysplasia, Imperforate Anus, and Penoscrotal Transposition.

Bladder agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly infrequently reported in the literature, with an incidence of 1/600,000 patients. Commonly associated with other fatal malformations, the condition is often incompatible with life. Prior reports estimate that over 90% of living children born with this malformation are female, owing to renal preservation resulting from low pressure drainage of urine into the vagina, uterus, and vestibule.

Evolving trends in peri-operative management of pediatric ureteropelvic junction obstruction: working towards quicker recovery and day surgery pyeloplasty.

Objective: To describe the evolution of practice patterns for pediatric pyeloplasty and determine how these changes have impacted length of stay (LOS), reoperation rates and return emergency department (ER) visits.

Methods: We reviewed our pyeloplasty database from 2008 to 2020 at a quaternary pediatric referral center and we included children 0-18 years undergoing pyeloplasty. Variables captured included: age, sex, baseline and follow-up anteroposterior diameter (APD) and differential renal function (DRF).

Vascular inflow after renal transplantation: Does the arteriotomy technique impact early allograft perfusion and function?

Background: There are two main techniques for arterial reconstruction in RT: TA using a stab longitudinal incision which creates an elliptical opening and AP which fashions a circular defect. We hypothesized that AP creates a natural anastomosis lumen, similar to the donor renal artery, which optimizes RT perfusion.

Methods: A retrospective review of a single-institution database was performed between 2000 and 2018.

Trends and relevance in the bladder and bowel dysfunction literature: PlumX metrics contrasted with fragility indicators.

Introduction: The concepts of fragility index (FI) and fragility quotient (FQ) have been previously described. PlumX metrics encompass online "footprints" of research in addition to traditional citations. Herein we explore PlumX metrics against the quality of BBD literature.

Percutaneous removal of biliary stones post-liver transplant in a pediatric patient: Case report and review of the literature.

This case report describes an 8-year-old girl who underwent a segmental LT for a primary diagnosis of citrullinemia at the age of 12 months. She presented with cholangitis secondary to stenosis of the biliary-enteric anastomosis. MRI revealed dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts associated with multiple stones.

Female Authorship Publishing Trends and Forecasting in Pediatric Urology: Are We Closer to Gender Equality?

Objective: To review the literature of 5 pediatric urology topics and conduct gender based and forecasting analyses of first and corresponding authors.

Methods: A PubMed search was performed for hypospadias, hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and cryptorchidism over 3 decades from 1990 to 2019. The 50 most relevant "best match" papers from each decade were extracted by topic.

Quality improvement in pediatric urology-a historical perspective on street pumps, puerperal fever, surgical infection, and contemporary methodology.

Quality improvement and patient safety (QIPS) can trace its origin back to the court of Hammurabi (circa 1700BC). However, it did not begin its evolution into its present methodology until the mid-19th century. It was through the application of quantitative parameters around the time of World War I that the field of QIPS has matured and gained a significant presence in the practice of medicine.

Testis-sparing Surgery for Pediatric Leydig Cell Tumors: Evidence of Favorable Outcomes Irrespective of Surgical Margins.

Objective: To review our single institution experience, exploring the role of testis-sparing surgical resection in a cohort of children with Testicular Leydig cell tumors (LCTs).

Materials And Methods: We reviewed all consecutive children presenting with testicular tumors between 2003 and 2017 (n = 66), excluding patients with alternative pathologies (n = 57). Subsequently data were collected on age at surgery, laterality, type of surgery, operative time, presenting symptoms, serum markers, imaging findings, frozen section, final pathology, and follow-up.

Over-reliance on P Values in Urology: Fragility of Findings in the Hydronephrosis Literature Calls for Systematic Reporting of Robustness Indicators.

Objective: To review the robustness of hydronephrosis literature with the application of fragility index (FI) and fragility quotient (FQ) calculations.

Methods: A literature review was conducted using Pubmed, Medline, and Ovid for "hydronephrosis" and associated terms and we included all studies with at least 2 groups being compared. FI was calculated by populating study results into a 2-by-2 contingency table and generating a P value using Fisher's exact test.

Publication trends in pediatric renal transplantation: Bibliometric analysis of literature from 1950 to 2017.

Introduction: Pediatric renal transplantation has been heavily published since the 1950s. Herein, we describe the bibliometrics and impact of the 200 most-cited pediatric renal transplantation manuscripts.

Methods: We identified pediatric renal transplantation publications from 1900 onwards.

In Situ Gonadal Vein Valvulotomy and Side-to-side Gonado-iliac Bypass for the Management of Nutcracker Syndrome in an Adolescent With a Solitary Kidney and Absence of Pelvic Congestion.

Herein we present the first case report of laparoscopic exploration, endovascular valvulotomy, and open side-to-side bypass of a gonadal vein into the ipsilateral external iliac vein for Nutcracker syndrome in an adolescent patient with solitary kidney without pelvic congestion. Though prior management has included various large open surgeries or endovascular or extravascular approaches with the use of stents and shields, this case offers an expanded novel approach to weigh the unique challenges of the patient's age and solitary renal status. If reproducible, this technique may gain value in the management of patients with this rare, incapacitating condition.

Physician Perceptions of Patient Health: A Comparative Analysis between Urologist and Hospitalist Perceptions of Need for Inpatient Hospitalist Comanagement Following Radical Cystectomy.

Background/aims: The morbidity of radical cystectomy remains high. A multidisciplinary approach utilizing hospitalist comanagement may improve outcomes. It is unclear what factors should be considered to determine which patients might benefit from this approach.

Utilization of Postpenile Surgery Illustrated Healing Atlas: A Comparative Study.

Objective: To determine the effect of the postpenile surgery illustrated healing atlas on caregivers' anxiety levels pre- and postoperatively, the frequency of family's postoperative communication with the urology care team, and the number of unplanned emergency room (ER) return for wound checks.

Methods: A prospective cohort enrolled children who underwent penile surgeries (distal hypospadias repair and phalloplasty) with no concomitant procedures from December 2016 to June 2017. A 6-item short-form Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to determine baseline and postoperative anxiety levels of the caregivers.

The Role of Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Urinary Bladder Regeneration.

Recent studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) combined with CD34+ hematopoietic/stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) can function as surrogate urinary bladder cells to synergistically promote multi-faceted bladder tissue regeneration. However, the molecular pathways governing these events are unknown. The pleiotropic effects of Wnt5a and Cyr61 are known to affect aspects of hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, and muscle and nerve regeneration.