Trauma-Informed Strategies in Pediatric Primary Care.

Child trauma, particularly within the context of the caregiving relationship, can have profound impacts on health, thus pediatric clinicians have a crucial role in recognizing and responding to trauma. Yet, trauma-informed care (TIC) is often described by its guiding principles rather than an approach to implementation. TIC requires the pediatric clinician to not only be familiar with the physiology of trauma, but actively promote resilience and employ strategies for primary prevention, secondary response and tertiary treatment of trauma.

Consensus statement on non-cancer-related risk factors for development of secondary lymphedema.

Non-cancer-related risk factors for secondary lymphedema were defined across four categories: co-morbidity, social determinants of health, behavioral factors, and environmental effectors. Based on rapid reviews of the literature and presentations at the ACS/LANA Lymphedema Summit, this working group categorized these risk factors according to the strength of evidence. Consensus agreement on level of evidence was achieved through one face-to-face working session and three follow-up virtual meetings.

Screening, Referral, Behavioral Counseling, and Preventive Interventions for Oral Health in Adults: A Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Importance: Dental caries and periodontal disease are common adult oral health conditions and potentially amenable to primary care screening and prevention.

Objective: To systematically review the evidence on primary care screening and prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease in adults to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (to October 3, 2022); surveillance through July 21, 2023.

Screening, Referral, Behavioral Counseling, and Preventive Interventions for Oral Health in Children and Adolescents Aged 5 to 17 Years: A Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Importance: Dental caries is common in children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years and potentially amenable to primary care screening and prevention.

Objective: To systematically review the evidence on primary care screening and prevention of dental caries in children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (to October 3, 2022); surveillance through July 21, 2023.

Lung cancer diagnosis and mortality beyond 15 years since quit in individuals with a 20+ pack-year history: A systematic review.

Current US lung cancer screening recommendations limit eligibility to adults with a pack-year (PY) history of ≥20 years and the first 15 years since quit (YSQ). The authors conducted a systematic review to better understand lung cancer incidence, risk and mortality among otherwise eligible individuals in this population beyond 15 YSQ. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched through February 14, 2023, and relevant articles were searched by hand.

Updates to Advanced Prostate Cancer: AUA/SUO Guideline (2023).

Purpose: In 2022 the American Urological Association (AUA) requested an Update Literature Review (ULR) to incorporate new evidence generated since the 2020 publication of this guideline. The resulting 2023 Guideline Amendment addresses updated recommendations for patients with advanced prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: The ULR addressed 23 of the original 38 guideline statements and included an abstract-level review of eligible studies published since the 2020 systematic review.

Telehealth-guided provider-to-provider communication to improve rural health: A systematic review.

Introduction: Telehealth may address healthcare disparities for rural populations. This systematic review assesses the use, effectiveness, and implementation of telehealth-supported provider-to-provider collaboration to improve rural healthcare.

Methods: We searched Ovid MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL from 1 January 2010 to 12 October 2021 for trials and observational studies of rural provider-to-provider telehealth.

How to Mitigate Risk of Premature Cardiovascular Disease Among Children and Adolescents with Mental Health Conditions.

Purpose Of Review: The goal of this article is to characterize the myriad of ways that children with mental health conditions can be at risk for premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) and various modalities to ameliorate this risk in childhood in order to improve the life course of these children.

Review Findings: Child and adolescent mental health conditions are a common yet underrecognized risk factor for premature CVD. The American Heart Association has recently included psychiatric conditions as a CVD risk factor (CVDRF) and the evidence linking childhood adversity to cardiometabolic disease.

Screening for Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Importance: The 2014 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement supported the effectiveness of screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in asymptomatic, sexually active women 24 years or younger and in older women at increased risk for infection, although evidence for screening in men was insufficient.

Objective: To update the 2014 USPSTF review on screening for chlamydial and gonococcal infection in adults and adolescents, including those who are pregnant.

Data Sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Ovid MEDLINE (January 1, 2014, through May 28, 2020) with surveillance through May 21, 2021.

Pediatric Approach to Trauma Treatment and Resilience-A Novel Relationship-Based Curriculum and Approach to Train Pediatric Professionals to Provide Trauma-Informed Care.

Information and techniques from evidence-based, trauma-informed mental health treatments, resilience and parenting literature and supporting evidence from neuroscience were adapted to provide pediatricians a practical approach and tools to promote resilience and respond to trauma symptoms.

Why Are Women Less Represented in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trials?

Background And Purpose: Fewer women than men tend to be enrolled in clinical trials of intracerebral hemorrhage. It is unclear whether this reflects lower prevalence of intracerebral hemorrhage in women, selection bias, or poor recruitment efforts. We undertook this study to examine differences between men and women in the reasons for exclusion from the iDEF trial (Intracerebral Hemorrhage Deferoxamine).

Relative importance of nitrogen sources, algal alarm cues and grazer exposure to toxin production of the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella.

Dinoflagellate paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) production is mediated by several abiotic and biotic factors. This study compared the relative importance of nitrogen source and concentration, prey alarm cues and grazer presence on toxin production of the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella (Group I, strain BF-5). In separate assays run under either nutrient-replete (F/2 medium) or nutrient-depleted (filtered seawater) conditions, PST production of A.

Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Childhood and Pregnancy: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Importance: Elevated blood lead level is associated with serious, often irreversible, health consequences.

Objective: To synthesize evidence on the effects of screening, testing, and treatment for elevated blood lead level in pregnant women and children aged 5 years and younger in the primary care setting to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Data Sources: Cochrane CENTRAL and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (through June 2018) and Ovid MEDLINE (1946 to June 2018); surveillance through December 5, 2018.