A Review of the Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Abdominal Imaging.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been a topic of substantial interest for radiologists in recent years. Although many of the first clinical applications were in the neuro, cardiothoracic, and breast imaging subspecialties, the number of investigated and real-world applications of body imaging has been increasing, with more than 30 FDA-approved algorithms now available for applications in the abdomen and pelvis. In this manuscript, we explore some of the fundamentals of artificial intelligence and machine learning, review major functions that AI algorithms may perform, introduce current and potential future applications of AI in abdominal imaging, provide a basic understanding of the pathways by which AI algorithms can receive FDA approval, and explore some of the challenges with the implementation of AI in clinical practice.

Impact of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Indication Selection on Appropriateness Order Scoring for Imaging Clinical Decision Support.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess appropriateness scoring and structured order entry after the implementation of an artificial intelligence (AI) tool for analysis of free-text indications.

Methods: Advanced outpatient imaging orders in a multicenter health care system were recorded 7 months before (March 1, 2020, to September 21, 2020) and after (October 20, 2020, to May 13, 2021) the implementation of an AI tool targeting free-text indications. Clinical decision support score (not appropriate, may be appropriate, appropriate, or unscored) and indication type (structured, free-text, both, or none) were assessed.

AUR-RRA Review: Logistics of Academic-Industry Partnerships in Artificial Intelligence.

The Radiology Research Alliance (RRA) of the Association of University Radiologists (AUR) convenes Task Forces to address current topics in radiology. In this article, the AUR-RRA Task Force on Academic-Industry Partnerships for Artificial Intelligence, considered issues of importance to academic radiology departments contemplating industry partnerships in artificial intelligence (AI) development, testing and evaluation. Our goal was to create a framework encompassing the domains of clinical, technical, regulatory, legal and financial considerations that impact the arrangement and success of such partnerships.

Lessons From the Free-Text Epidemic: Opportunities to Optimize Deployment of Imaging Clinical Decision Support.

Objective: The Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014 requires clinicians to consult Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) when ordering advanced imaging procedures. Free-text order indications are available when there is no applicable structured indication but are unscored by the AUC. We determined the proportion of free-text indications among all advanced imaging orders and the proportion of free-text indications that could be mapped to a single structured indication.

Renal Imaging: Core Curriculum 2019.

Renal imaging has become a fundamental part of clinical care for patients with kidney disease. Imaging strategies for the kidney have been evolving during the past hundred years and have been even more rapidly changing during the past couple of decades due to the development of modern computed tomographic techniques, magnetic resonance imaging, and more sophisticated ultrasonographic techniques, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Applying the correct radiologic study for the clinical situation maximizes the diagnostic accuracy of the imaging, and a judicious choice between techniques helps limit radiation dose and potential adverse events.

Changes in Primary Care Health Care Utilization after Inclusion of Epidemiologic Data in Lumbar Spine MR Imaging Reports for Uncomplicated Low Back Pain.

Purpose To determine whether inclusion of an epidemiologic statement in radiology reports of lumbar magnetic resonance (MR) imaging influences downstream health care utilization in the primary care population. Materials and Methods Beginning July 1, 2013, a validated epidemiologic statement regarding prevalence of common findings in asymptomatic patients was included in all lumbar MR imaging reports at a tertiary academic medical center. Data were collected from July 1, 2012, through June 30, 2014, and retrospective analysis was completed in September 2016.

Symptomatic Lumbar Facet Synovial Cysts: Clinical Outcomes Following Percutaneous CT-Guided Cyst Rupture with Intra-articular Steroid Injection.

Purpose: To evaluate clinical outcomes following percutaneous rupture of symptomatic lumbar facet synovial cysts (LFSCs) with intra-articular steroid injection.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective review, 44 consecutive patients with symptomatic LFSCs received primary treatment with CT-guided synovial cyst rupture with intra-articular steroid injection. Outcomes questionnaires were obtained before and 1, 4, 26, and 52 weeks after LFSC rupture.

Outpatient follow-up of nonoperative cerebral contusion and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: does repeat head CT alter clinical decision-making?

Objectives: Many neurosurgeons obtain repeat head CT at the first clinic follow-up visit for nonoperative cerebral contusion and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH). The authors undertook a single-center, retrospective study to determine whether outpatient CT altered clinical decision-making.

Methods: The authors evaluated 173 consecutive adult patients admitted to their institution from April 2006 to August 2012 with an admission diagnosis of cerebral contusion or tSAH and at least 1 clinic follow-up visit with CT.